CWE-1342

Base Abstraction Level
Pillar — Highest-level weakness category
Class — Abstract, language-independent
Base — Specific enough to detect
Variant — Tied to specific technology
Compound — Requires multiple weaknesses Incomplete MITRE CWE Status
Stable — Fully reviewed and complete
Draft — Under development, may change
Incomplete — Partially defined by MITRE
Deprecated — No longer recommended
Obsolete — Replaced by another CWE
Information Exposure through Microarchitectural State after Transient Execution

Description

The processor does not properly clear microarchitectural state after incorrect microcode assists or speculative execution, resulting in transient execution.

In many processor architectures an exception, mis-speculation, or microcode assist results in a flush operation to clear results that are no longer required. This action prevents these results from influencing architectural state that is intended to be visible from software. However, traces of this transient execution may remain in microarchitectural buffers, resulting in a change in microarchitectural state that can expose sensitive information to an attacker using side-channel analysis. For example, Load Value Injection (LVI) [REF-1202] can exploit direct injection of erroneous values into intermediate load and store buffers. Several conditions may need to be fulfilled for a successful attack: incorrect transient execution that results in remanence of sensitive information; attacker has the ability to provoke microarchitectural exceptions; operations and structures in victim code that can be exploited must be identified.

Consequences

Confidentiality, Integrity — Modify Memory, Read Memory, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

Mitigations

Phase: Architecture and Design, Requirements

Hardware ensures that no illegal data flows from faulting micro-ops exists at the microarchitectural level.

Phase: Build and Compilation

Include instructions that explicitly remove traces of unneeded computations from software interactions with microarchitectural elements e.g. lfence, sfence, mfence, clflush.